Application of Magnetic Resonance Techniques to the In Situ Characterization of Li-Ion Batteries: A Review

Abstract

In situ magnetic resonance (MR) techniques, such as nuclear MR and MR imaging, have recently gained significant attention in the battery community because of their ability to provide real-time quantitative information regarding material chemistry, ion distribution, mass transport, and microstructure formation inside an operating electrochemical cell. MR techniques are non-invasive and non-destructive, and they can be applied to both liquid and solid (crystalline, disordered, or amorphous) samples. Additionally, MR equipment is available at most universities and research and development centers, making MR techniques easily accessible for scientists worldwide. In this review, we will discuss recent research results in the field of in situ MR for the characterization of Li-ion batteries with a particular focus on experimental setups, such as pulse sequence programming and cell design, for overcoming the complications associated with the heterogeneous nature of energy storage devices. A comprehensive approach combining proper hardware and software will allow researchers to collect reliable high-quality data meeting industrial standards.

Revealing the Impact of Film-Forming Electrolyte Additives on Lithium Metal Batteries via Solid-State NMR/MRI Analysis

“…Polarization experiments (galvanostatic, 1.96 mA cm –2 for 7344 s) were performed with a Zahner Zennium Pro workstation. Based on MRI cell designs from the literature, ,,, a homemade 3D-printed PLA cell was used for operando measurements, exploiting 500 μm roll-pressed lithium metal foils as electrodes. Because of an interelectrode distance of 7.5 mm, 48 FS 2190 separators fully soaked with electrolyte prior to cell assembly were used, in this way affording a homogeneous electrolyte distribution between the electrodes.…”

Sulfide and Oxide Inorganic Solid Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Batteries: A Review

“…For example, Famprikis et al [51] and Zhang et al [116] reported on the fundamentals of electrolytes and Oudenhoven et al [117], Julien and Mauger [60], and Rambabu et al [118] reviewed the technology of solid-state microbatteries. Moreover, in situ and ex situ techniques were explored for elucidating the solid electrode/electrolyte interfaces [40,67,80,98,[119][120][121][122][123] and computational methods were reviewed by Xiao et al [94] for understanding the conduction mechanisms in both oxide and sulfide electrolytes.…”

Status and Prospects of Laser‐Induced Graphene for Battery Applications

“…Here, in situ studies during battery cycling are vitally important. [130][131][132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139] For instance, in situ XRD has been applied to monitor the phase transitions of electrode materials during battery cycling and should be used to obtain information on the structural evolution of LIG battery electrodes. [140] To conclude, LIG has many characteristics that make it a promising material for batteries, delivering 1) an increase in ionic diffusion, 2) a rise in active sites for mobile ion absorption, 3) accommodation of volume expansion, 4) suppression of dendrite formation of metal anodes, and 5) confinement of electrode dissolution.…”