Quantitative analysis of the effects of comonomers and heating conditions on the stabilization reactions of polyacrylonitrile fibers as carbon fiber precursors

Arbab, Shahram; Zeinolebadi, Ahmad

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2017.04.003

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…[ 7 ] So, it attracts many researchers to make great efforts to enhance the mechanical properties of CFs through optimization of the process parameters of the manufacturing stages of spinning, stabilization and carbonization. [ 8–11 ] Furthermore, an agreement has been reached that the mechanical performance of CF is mainly determined by the qualities of PAN precursor fibers. [ 2,12,13 ] The qualities of precursor fibers are related to their microstructures that are initially originated from coagulated process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber

Gao

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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The coagulation process was vital for the microfibril evolution and mechanical properties of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The PAN nascent fibers and precursor fibers were prepared by controlling drawing ratio of coagulation bath at low temperature during the dry‐jet wet spinning process. The microfibril morphological changes induced by force fields in coagulation bath were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. During the coagulation process, the spinning solution evolved into an interconnected network composed of random microfibrils and tie joints as a building block of the network. At low drawing ratio, the random interconnected network existed in nascent fibers. Increasing drawing ratio, the fiber filaments underwent shrinkage and the network was transformed into the transverse lamellae. Furthermore, the lamellar thickness also decreased. After the treatment of post‐spinning, similar transverse lamellae were formed in all of precursor fibers, and random microfibrillar network was stretched and oriented to develop into the aligned microfibrils in precursor fibers. The transverse fold‐chain crystal layers were densely stacked in the microfibrils. Increasing drawing ratio, the lamellae and microfibrils in precursor fibers were packed more densely and orderly. Consequently, the order and homogeneity of microfibrils in nascent fibers and precursor fibers were improved by increasing drawing ratio, which were benefit to increase fiber tensile strength and modulus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber

Gao

Jiang

Chen

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…Thermal stabilization of PAN copolymers at a temperature of about 180-400 • C is recognized as one of the most important stages for preparing carbon fibers [22]. Three main chemical reactions take place during this process, including cyclization, dehydrogenation, and oxidation [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Analysis and Crystal Structure of Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers Synthesized in Water

et al. 2020

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The composition and structure of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) precursors play an important role during thermal stabilization, which influences the properties of the resulting carbon fibers. In this paper, PAN homopolymer and PAN-itaconic (IA) copolymers with different IA contents were synthesized by aqueous phase precipitation polymerization. The effects of IA content on the structure and thermal properties were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The morphology of PAN polymers showed that the average size of the PAN particles increased with the increase of IA content in the feed. The content of the IA comonomer on the copolymers was quantitatively characterized by the relative absorbance intensity (A1735/A2243) in FTIR spectrum. With the increase of IA content in the feed, PAN-IA copolymers exhibited lower degree of crystallinity and crystal size than the control PAN homopolymer. The results from DSC curves indicated that PAN-IA1.0 copolymers had lower initial exothermic temperature (192.4 °C) and velocity of evolving heat (6.33 J g−1 °C−1) in comparison with PAN homopolymer (Ti = 238.1 °C and ΔH/ΔT = 34.6 J g−1 °C−1) in an air atmosphere. TGA results suggested that PAN-IA1.0 copolymers had higher thermal stability than PAN homopolymer, which can form a ladder structure easier during thermal processing. Therefore, PAN-IA1.0 copolymers would be a suitable candidate for preparing high performance PAN based carbon fibers.

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“…A quick glance at the relevant literature reveals that PAN oxidative stabilization has been performed under many different conditions; the relative abundance of available pathways is at least partially attributable to the profusion of PAN precursors that have been investigated. Thus, the question arises as to how someone could find the best treatment pathway for any given precursor material.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers

Soulis

Dragatogiannis

Charitidis

2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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The aim of this work is to describe a novel methodology for optimizing the stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, through designing of proper thermal treatment.The methodology is based on a set of design rules and the procedure for implementing them, utilizing the time-temperature-transition (TTT) and the maximum permittable stress (max.stress) plots. The proposed approach is implemented in order to optimize the stabilization of commercial PAN fibers, resulting in a series of multistage thermal treatments. The changes of both physical and chemical structures of PAN during the progress of the multistage treatments were investigated and showed that the fibers were progressively converted into completely stabilized material; this gradual transformation permitted improvement of fiber annealing and minimized the effect of the decomposition reactions. The proposed methodology can be universally applied for achieving the global optimum of the stabilization process for any PAN precursor. K E Y W O R D S polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, stabilization, thermal treatment

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Quantitative analysis of the effects of comonomers and heating conditions on the stabilization reactions of polyacrylonitrile fibers as carbon fiber precursors

Cited by 39 publications

References 32 publications

Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber

Force field in coagulation bath at low temperature induced microfibril evolution within PAN nascent fiber and precursor fiber

Thermal Analysis and Crystal Structure of Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Itaconic Acid) Copolymers Synthesized in Water

A novel methodology for designing thermal processes in order to optimize stabilization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers

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