Quantitative Analysis

Mantler, Michael; Willis, J. P.; Lachance, Gerald R.; Vrebos, B. A. R.; Mauser, Karl-Eugen; Kawahara, Naoki; Rousseau, Richard M.; Brouwer, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-36722-2_5

Cited by 37 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Volumetric concentrations (µg/cm 3 ) were obtained by dividing the map concentration (µg/cm 2 ) by the X‐ray attenuation length (cm). A detailed quantitative analysis description can be found in . No volumetric concentration could be estimated for the C‐bearing compounds, as the conversion between areal and volumetric concentrations requires knowledge of matrix density and porosity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron‐based microprobe investigation of impurities in raw quartz‐bearing and carbon‐bearing feedstock materials for photovoltaic applications

Bernardis

Newman

Sabatino

et al. 2011

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Using synchrotron‐based analytical microprobe techniques, we determine micrometer‐scale elemental composition, spatial distribution, and oxidation state of impurities in raw feedstock materials used in the photovoltaic industry. Investigated Si‐bearing compounds are pegmatitic quartz, hydrothermal quartz, and quartzite. Micrometer‐scale clusters containing Fe, Ti, and/or Ca are frequently observed at structural defects in oxidized states and in bulk concentrations equivalent to inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy measurements. Investigated C‐bearing compounds are pine wood, pine charcoal, and eucalyptus charcoal. Clustered metals are observed only in the charcoal samples. Impurity clustering implies that industrial processing could be adapted to take advantage of this “natural gettering” phenomenon, expanding the usable range of raw feedstock materials to dirtier, cheaper, and more abundant ones, currently underexploited for solar‐grade silicon production. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrotron‐based microprobe investigation of impurities in raw quartz‐bearing and carbon‐bearing feedstock materials for photovoltaic applications

Bernardis

Newman

Sabatino

et al. 2011

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…The instrument was operated in 'Soil' mode, which uses a 40 kV excitation and a Compton Normalization algorithm. [20] The analyzer was initially calibrated by the instrument manufacturer using SRM 2709 San Joaquin Soil, SRM 2710 Montana Soil, and SRM 2711 Montana Soil from the National Institute of Standards and Technology, RTC-408 from Resource Technology Corporation, and custom-mixed standards prepared by the instrument manufacturer. The linear calibration ranges for the six elements of interest were 1.25-2.88% (w/w) Ca, 2.89-3.50% (w/w) Fe, 0.0106-3.50% (w/w) Zn, 96-120 ppm (w/w) Rb, 160-230 ppm (w/w) Zr, and 18.9-5532 ppm (w/w) Pb.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instrument calibration through a Compton Normalization algorithm [20] and the experiment design are justified for these studies on a number of points. Firstly, infinite sample thickness and homogeneity are assumed for Compton Normalization.…”

Section: Instrument Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparisons of ancient mortars and hydraulic cements through in situ analyses by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

et al. 2010

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A portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used to collect elemental data on various mortars and hydraulic cements at an excavation site near Orvieto, Italy. Four cases are presented that use X-ray fluorescence data to differentiate among mortars: (1) comparison of two mortars on one locus; (2) comparison of two layers of hydraulic cement on one locus; (3) comparison of two hydraulic cement floors; (4) comparison among mortars on five walls from four trenches. The conclusions made from the comparisons aided the site archaeologists in their assessment of the relationships of various loci at the site and establishment of phasing. Elements found in measureable amounts in the mortars and hydraulic cements were Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, As, Rb, Sr, Zr, Pb, and Bi. Elements found to be different in the samples and used to differentiate among mortars were Ca, Fe, Zn, Pb, Zr, and Rb. Graphical and statistical data evaluations are presented.

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“…Quantitative methods fall into two general categories: fundamental parameters methods 78,79 and methods utilizing regression models, which often include Compton scatter normalization. 79 Both methods include standards of at least similar composition and ideally matched composition to the samples. Fundamental parameters methods are most often applied to metallic samples whereas regression methods are used for soils and other similar geological samples.…”

Section: Spectroscopic Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobile Spectroscopic Instrumentation in Archaeometry Research

Vandenabeele

Donais

2016

Appl Spectrosc

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Mobile instrumentation is of growing importance to archaeometry research. Equipment is utilized in the field or at museums, thus avoiding transportation or risk of damage to valuable artifacts. Many spectroscopic techniques are nondestructive and micro-destructive in nature, which preserves the cultural heritage objects themselves. This review includes over 160 references pertaining to the use of mobile spectroscopy for archaeometry. Following a discussion of terminology related to mobile instrumental methods, results of a literature survey on their applications for cultural heritage objects is presented. Sections devoted to specific techniques are then provided: Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, and less frequently used techniques. The review closes with a discussion of combined instrumental approaches.

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Quantitative Analysis

Cited by 37 publications

References 0 publications

Synchrotron‐based microprobe investigation of impurities in raw quartz‐bearing and carbon‐bearing feedstock materials for photovoltaic applications

Synchrotron‐based microprobe investigation of impurities in raw quartz‐bearing and carbon‐bearing feedstock materials for photovoltaic applications

Comparisons of ancient mortars and hydraulic cements through in situ analyses by portable X‐ray fluorescence spectrometry

Mobile Spectroscopic Instrumentation in Archaeometry Research

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