Quantitative analyses of enhanced thermoelectric properties of modulation-doped PEDOT:PSS/undoped Si (001) nanoscale heterostructures

Lee, Dong‐Wook; Sayed, Sayed Youssef; Lee, Sangyeop; Kuryak, Chris Adam; Zhou, Jiawei; Chen, Gang; Shao‐Horn, Yang

doi:10.1039/c6nr06950a

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(103 reference statements)

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“…Such extraordinary performance can be attributed to the size‐dependent energy‐filtering effect, caused by the nanostructured PANI coating layer wrapped around the CNTs . Similar phenomena have also been observed in PEDOT:PSS/Si composites with a peak S 2 σ value of 26.2 µW m −1 K −2 …”

Section: Strategies To Optimize Organic/inorganic Hybridssupporting

confidence: 60%

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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The urgent need for ecofriendly, stable, long‐lifetime power sources is driving the booming market for miniaturized and integrated electronics, including wearable and medical implantable devices. Flexible thermoelectric materials and devices are receiving increasing attention, due to their capability to convert heat into electricity directly by conformably attaching them onto heat sources. Polymer‐based flexible thermoelectric materials are particularly fascinating because of their intrinsic flexibility, affordability, and low toxicity. There are other promising alternatives including inorganic‐based flexible thermoelectrics that have high energy‐conversion efficiency, large power output, and stability at relatively high temperature. Herein, the state‐of‐the‐art in the development of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices is summarized, including exploring the fundamentals behind the performance of flexible thermoelectric materials and devices by relating materials chemistry and physics to properties. By taking insights from carrier and phonon transport, the limitations of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric materials and the underlying mechanisms associated with each optimization strategy are highlighted. Finally, the remaining challenges in flexible thermoelectric materials are discussed in conclusion, and suggestions and a framework to guide future development are provided, which may pave the way for a bright future for flexible thermoelectric devices in the energy market.

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Section: Strategies To Optimize Organic/inorganic Hybridssupporting

confidence: 60%

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

et al. 2019

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“…Such a high thermopower of ce -MoS 2 makes it a potential candidate to optimize the thermopower of PEDOT:PSS. The highly enhanced thermopower of the composite film is mainly due to the energy filtering effect. , Figure b reveals the theoretical calculation of energy band for ce -MoS 2 and PEDOT:PSS . Noted that the different Fermi level will cause an energy mismatch between ce -MoS 2 and PEDOT:PSS, which is conductive to the formation of potential energy barrier .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Simple Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method for Simultaneously Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of PEDOT:PSS/ce-MoS₂ Heterostructure Films

Wang

Meng

Jiang

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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The organic/inorganic composites are considered as a promising strategy to gain high thermoelectric (TE) performance. Although many efforts have been focused on composites, complicated methods are real hindrance to the development of TE materials. Here, we demonstrate a potential TE thin film comprising highly conductive poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and chemically exfoliated MoS2 (ce-MoS2) nanosheets by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method. This work achieves the effective integration of composite, treatment, and electron transfer based on the advantages of PEDOT:PSS and ce-MoS2. On the one hand, the negative charged ce-MoS2 nanosheets facilitate the formation of heterostructure TE films with positive charged PEDOT and reduce the oxidation level of PEDOT, which would favor an enhanced thermopower (21.9 μV K–1). On the other hand, the simultaneous enhancement in the electrical conductivity (867 S cm–1) of PEDOT:PSS/ce-MoS2 composite film is caused by dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) worked as the dispersion of ce-MoS2, which corresponds to the removal of the excess nonconductive PSS and the molecular conformation arrangement of PEDOT:PSS. This LbL assembly method incorporating electron-rich ce-MoS2 and DMSO has been confirmed to be an effective strategy to yield a simultaneous enhancement of electrical conductivity and thermopower. The optimized power factor is achieved to be 41.6 μW m–1 K–2 at the layer number of 4, which surpass that of the single-layer PEDOT:PSS film by a factor of 5. This work may provide a fundamental understanding of and design principles on how to build PEDOT:PSS-based composite films with highly enhanced TE performance, which can be potentially used in TE energy-harvesting systems.

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“…The decreased carrier concentration of the PPBST films from 0 to 36 wt% BST nanoparticles can be explained by the numerous interfaces introduced between BST nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS as the TEM images show in Figure S7 (Supporting Information), which will affect the composite film by decreasing carrier concentration and increasing Seebeck coefficient through the energy filtering effect . Based on the energy band parameters of BST and PEDOT:PSS including electron affinity (χ), work function (φ), ionization potential (ψ), and band gap ( E g ), the band diagrams of BST and PEDOT:PSS before contact and the band alignment of the PEDOT:PSS/BST heterojunction are given in Figure c. Because the BST nanoparticles and PEDOT:PSS have different Fermi levers, they cause an energetic mismatch at the interfaces between them.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Durable and Flexible Thermoelectric Films from PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ Nanocomposites

Zhang

et al. 2017

Adv Elect Materials

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approaches to significantly enhance ZT values. One is using low-dimensional TE materials [4] such as nanowire, [5,6] nanotube, [7] nanocrystal, [8] and superlattice film [9] owing to quantum size effects, and the other is based on new phonon glasselectron crystal TE materials [10] such as skutterudites, [11] clathrates, [12] and some composites [13] due to specific components and unique structures.A large amount of previous work has been devoted to the inorganic TE materials, and Bi 2 Te 3 -based alloys have already been used in commercial products because of their high TE performance at room temperature. [14][15][16][17] The reported ZT values of p-type Bi x Sb 2−x Te 3 nanocomposite [14] and Bi 2 Te 3 /Sb 2 Te 3 superlattice [9] are as high as 1.35 and 2.4 at room temperature, respectively. Still, several drawbacks of inorganic thermoelectrics limit their broad applications inclusive of expensive raw materials, heavy metal pollution, high processing cost, difficult fabrication on large-area, rigid, and heavy TE devices. Furthermore, with advances in flexible and wearable electronic devices, the demand for flexible energy generation has rapidly increased. [18][19][20] Thermoelectrics has the potential to harvest energy from the natural temperature difference between the human body and the environment, and then charge the wearable electronic devices. To address this increasing need, high performance flexible thermoelectrics base on organic conductive polymers have been studied [21][22][23] thanks to their intrinsically high electrical conductivity, low thermal conductivity, and high mechanical flexibility to cover hot source with arbitrary geometry. Recently, major breakthroughs have focused on the TE properties of the conducting polymers such as polyaniline, [24] polythiophene, [25] and especially for poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). [26][27][28][29] PEDOT:PSS is a conductive polymer for optoelectronics applications with high optical transparency and electrical conductivity up to 3400 S cm −1 by secondarily doping organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG), and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). [30] More specifically, a maximum ZT value of 0.28 was obtained for EG-mixed PEDOT:PSS thin film and a maximum value of 0.42 for DMSO-mixed PEDOT:PSS thin film at room temperature by tuning the doping/dedoping level. [28] Another effective way to enhance the TE performance of conducting polymers is to introduce inorganic nanomaterials with high TE property into conducting polymer matrix Advances in organic thermoelectric materials have focused on the enhancement of mechanical property to address the limitations and needs of forming flexible and free-standing films for the application of flexible/wearable thermoelectric devices. Herein, thermoelectric nanocomposite films are fabricated based on conductive polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly-(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), plastic reinforcer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and inorganic Bi 0.5 Sb 1.5 Te 3 th...

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Quantitative analyses of enhanced thermoelectric properties of modulation-doped PEDOT:PSS/undoped Si (001) nanoscale heterostructures

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Simple Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method for Simultaneously Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of PEDOT:PSS/ce-MoS₂ Heterostructure Films

Mechanically Durable and Flexible Thermoelectric Films from PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ Nanocomposites

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Quantitative analyses of enhanced thermoelectric properties of modulation-doped PEDOT:PSS/undoped Si (001) nanoscale heterostructures

Cited by 31 publications

References 51 publications

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Flexible Thermoelectric Materials and Generators: Challenges and Innovations

Simple Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method for Simultaneously Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of PEDOT:PSS/ce-MoS2 Heterostructure Films

Mechanically Durable and Flexible Thermoelectric Films from PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 Nanocomposites

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Simple Layer-by-Layer Assembly Method for Simultaneously Enhanced Electrical Conductivity and Thermopower of PEDOT:PSS/ce-MoS₂ Heterostructure Films

Mechanically Durable and Flexible Thermoelectric Films from PEDOT:PSS/PVA/Bi_0.5Sb_1.5Te₃ Nanocomposites