Quantitation of chemically induced damage to DNA of aquatic organisms by alkaline unwinding assay☆

Shugart, Lee R.

doi:10.1016/0166-445x(88)90071-9

Cited by 129 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Total inorganic and organic mercury was determined by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy. (Shugart 1988), trichloroethylene (Nelson and Bull 1988), the polychlorinated biphenyl Aroclor 1254 (Robbiano and Pino 1981), and-mercuric chloride., (Cantoni and, Costa 1983). This assay was used to evaluate the integrity of DNA in turtles exposed to contaminan,tsin ,JJh+te Oak,Lake as compared to that in turtles from the reference site.…”

Section: Mercury Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Environmental Contamination

Meyers-Schöne¹

1990

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Section: Mercury Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Environmental Contamination

Meyers-Schöne¹

1990

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“…There was no difference between the alkaline unwinding F values for DNA from controls, BaP-and BaP + verapamil-treated fish at alkaline unwinding incubation temperatures of 4"C, 38°C and 52"C (ANOVA: F -0.0123, p > 0.25 at 38°C; F -1.88, p > 0.10 at 52C; F,.,,,2,12 -3.89; n = 5, N -15, k -3). In addition, there was considerable unwinding of the DNA at lower temperatures in contrast to DNA extracted by the procedure of Shugart (1988) in the previous exposure experiments. …”

mentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes), a small killifish species endogenous to Southeast Asia, is currently being studied as one of several alternate animal model systems for toxicological and carcinogenesis research. Of particular interest, in studies using medaka, is the measurement of DNA damage induced by genotoxic agents such as benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) and diethylnitrosamine.Attempts to quantitate relative DNA strand breaks in medaka, by means of AUA, have proven difficult using the procedure of Shugart (1988). Medaka DNA shows resistance to heat and alkali denaturation during the standard AUA.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Compendium of the FY1990 and FY1992 Research Reviews for the Research Methods Branch

Gardner¹

1994

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average I hour per response, including the time for reviewing Instructions, searching existing data sources. gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate Approved for public release; distribution unlimited ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)Since 1983, the U.S. Army Biomedical Research and Development Laboratory (USABRDL) has conducted a research program focused on the development of new methods for assessing the potential hazards resulting from exposure to chemicals in the workplace or the environment. This research has been conducted both in-house and extramurally and has involved scientists from other Federal agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector. The need to enhance the integration of the research became increasingly evident as the program grew in the late 1980's. This growth came principally as a result of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers sponsorship of research to develop environmental applications of new, in vivo hazard assessment models for use in the burgeoning Department of Defense environmental remediation program. One of the many uses of these models is to answer the question, "How clean is clean?" and to assist in the establishment of more realistic clean-up goals for hazardous waste sites.An annual research review meeting was undertaken to facilitate the integration and technology transfer of this research program. This publication is the second 14. SUBJECT TERMS Fish, Medaka, Irout, #13.(Continuation) compendium of these meetings.The papers contained in this document are meant to provide the program management staff with an additional means of reviewing the status and progress of extramural and selected in-house studies in the area of new toxicity assessment models. The papers are, therefore, the principal investigators' (PIs') best efforts to characterize the research at the time of the meeting.Some papers cover the results of several years of research and others outline only the planned research of a new project. The data presented and conclusions of the authors represent the best professional judgment of the respective PI at the time of the workshop but are not equivalent to a peer-reviewed report of completed research. NOTICE DisclaimersThe views, opinions, and/or findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as official Department of the Army position, policy, or decision, unless so designated by official documentation.Citations of commercial organizations or trade names in this paper do not constitute an official Department of the Army endorsement or approval of the products or services of these organizations.Research was conducted in compliance with the Animal Welfare Act, and other Federal statutes and regulati...

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“…DNA-strand breakage was investigated in freshwater fishes (Shugart, 1988;Shugart et al, 1989) and in a marine bivalve and a polychaete worm (Martinelli et al, 1990). Results from experiments using DNA-strand breakage as the endpoint indicate that after these organisms are irradiated, DNA-strand breakage is repaired.…”

Section: C2 Biological Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

Layton¹,

Edson²,

Varela³

et al. 1999

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PREFACEn 1993, radioactive waste-management practices of the former Soviet Union (FSU) came un-I, der increasing international scrutiny after Russian scientists disclosed dumped-nuclear-waste ites in the Kara and Barents seas that contravened the London Convention ban on radioactive waste disposal at sea. The U.S. response was to fund the Office of Naval Research Arctic Nuclear Waste Assessment Program (ANWAP) to (1) quantify the types, amounts, and rates of release of radionuclides from marine disposal sites and Russian riverine sources leading to Arctic waters; (2) evaluate the transport pathways and ultimate fate of the radionuclide contaminants; and (3) identify any long-term monitoring strategies as needed. ANWAP began funding basic physical, geochemical, and biological oceanographic research in the Arctic in 1993.By early 1995 the second year of ANWAP research was well under way and planning for the final ANWAP funding cycle emphasized the need to better coordinate and integrate the activities and results of the 85 research projects into a risk-assessment framework. The goal: to use data sets in a rigorous evaluation process to make dose estimates for potential human and ecological impacts, particularly in Alaska, from the nuclear wastes the FSU had dumped in the Arctic. A Risk Assessment Integration Group (RAIG) was formed to conduct the assessment. The RAIG recognized at the outset of this risk-assessment phase that the risk analysis would have to depend on available ANWAP data and other published data sets, and that ongoing research would continue to generate new data even after the data cutoff point for timely preparation of the risk assessment. The RAIG has established an evaluation framework that, through an ongoing iterative process, can be enhanced as new information becomes available.The risk assessment follows a traditional, internationally accepted radiological risk-assessment process. It uses models to make predictions, but also incorporates actual field measurements and laboratory data obtained from ANWAP scientists and the broader national and international scientific community. The risk-assessment team involved key scientists from Alaska (Douglas Dasher, Department of Environmental Conservation, and Todd O'Hara, North Slope Borough Department of Wildlife Management); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (David Layton, Mark Mount, Florence Harrison, and John Knezovich); Sandia National Laboratories (Rip Anderson, Mel Marietta, Leo Gomez, and Palmer Vaughn); Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories (William Templeton and Bruce Napier); and the Office of Naval Research (Marilyn Varela). This integrating team (the RAIG) identified discrete areas of focus and authorship for various components of the risk assessment; in the preparation of this report, the team relied upon the input of key ANWAP Principal Investigators, some of whose information was timely enough for use, and some not. Each section of the report identifies the authors. Although inputs from Russian contributors were instrumental in...

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Quantitation of chemically induced damage to DNA of aquatic organisms by alkaline unwinding assay☆

Cited by 129 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Environmental Contamination

Comparison of Two Freshwater Turtle Species as Monitors of Environmental Contamination

Compendium of the FY1990 and FY1992 Research Reviews for the Research Methods Branch

Radionuclides in the Arctic seas from the former Soviet Union: Potential health and ecological risks

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