Quantifying Supernovae-driven Multiphase Galactic Outflows

Li, Miao; Bryan, Greg L.; Ostriker, Jeremiah P.

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa7263

Cited by 126 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…We believe that these new data can provide a valuable benchmark for future numerical simulations of the effects of feedback on galaxy evolution (e.g., Muratov et al 2015;Simpson et al 2015;Hopkins et al 2017;Li et al 2017). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

COS-burst: Observations of the Impact of Starburst-driven Winds on the Properties of the Circum-galactic Medium

Heckman

Borthakur

Wild

et al. 2017

ApJ

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We report on observations made with the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS) on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) using background quasi-stellar objects to probe the circum-galactic medium (CGM) around 17 low-redshift galaxies that are undergoing or have recently undergone a strong starburst (the COS-Burst program). The sightlines extend out to roughly the virial radius of the galaxy halo. We construct control samples of normal star-forming low-redshift galaxies from the COS/HST archive that match the starbursts in terms of galaxy stellar mass and impact parameter. We find clear evidence that the CGM around the starbursts differs systematically compared to the control galaxies. The Lyα, Si III, C IV, and possibly O VI absorption lines are stronger as a function of impact parameter, and the ratios of the equivalent widths of C IV/Lyα and Si III/Lyα are both higher than in normal starforming galaxies. We also find that the widths and the velocity offsets (relative to v sys ) of the Lyα absorption lines are significantly larger in the CGM of the starbursts, implying velocities of the absorbing material that are roughly twice the halo virial velocity. We show that these properties can be understood as a consequence of the interaction between a starburst-driven wind and the preexisting CGM. These results underscore the importance of winds driven from intensely star-forming galaxies in helping drive the evolution of galaxies and the intergalactic medium. They also offer a new probe of the properties of starburst-driven winds and of the CGM itself.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

COS-burst: Observations of the Impact of Starburst-driven Winds on the Properties of the Circum-galactic Medium

Heckman

Borthakur

Wild

et al. 2017

ApJ

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“…3 show η E,h versus η Z,h . Not many data are available, but interestingly enough, results from Li et al (2017) and Kim et al (in prep)…”

Section: Sfrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simple Yet Powerful: Hot Galactic Outflows Driven by Supernovae

Bryan

2020

ApJL

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Supernovae (SNe) drive multiphase galactic outflows, impacting galaxy formation; however, cosmological simulations mostly use ad hoc feedback models for outflows, making outflow-related predictions from first principles problematic. Recent small-box simulations resolve individual SNe remnants in the interstellar medium (ISM), naturally driving outflows and permitting a determination of the wind loading factors of energy η E , mass η m , and metals η Z . In this Letter, we compile small-box results, and find consensus that the hot outflows are much more powerful than the cool outflows: (i) their energy flux is 2-20 times greater, and (ii) their specific energy e s,h is 10-1000 times higher. Moreover, the properties of hot outflows are remarkably simple: e s,h ∝ η E,h /η m,h is almost invariant over four orders of magnitude of star formation surface density. Also, we find tentatively that η E,h /η Z,h ∼ 0.5. If corroborated by more simulation data, these correlations reduce the three hot phase loading factors into one. Finally, this one parameter is closely related to whether the ISM has a "breakout" condition. The narrow range of e s,h indicates that hot outflows cannot escape dark matter halos with log M halo [M ] 12. This mass is also where the galaxy mass-metallicity relation reaches its plateau, implying a deep connection between hot outflows and galaxy formation. We argue that hot outflows should be included explicitly in cosmological simulations and (semi-)analytic modeling of galaxy formation.

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“…Simulations of vertically stratified patches of discs have been used to compare clustered and random placement of SNe (see e.g. Korpi et al 1999;de Avillez 2000;de Avillez & Breitschwerdt 2004 Early works studied SNe placement based on density thresholds (Korpi et al 1999) and showed that some SN explosions must occur in isolation in order to produce a realistic multi-phase ISM (see, e.g., de Avillez 2000;de Avillez & Breitschwerdt 2004;Joung & Mac Low 2006;Walch et al 2015;Li et al 2017). In agreement with our results, these authors have found an increased effect from stellar feedback as a result of randomly placed SNe.…”

Section: Comparison To Other Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

How runaway stars boost galactic outflows

Andersson

Agertz

2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Roughly ten per cent of OB stars are kicked out of their natal clusters before ending their life as supernovae. These so called runaway stars can travel hundreds of parsecs into the low-density interstellar medium, where momentum and energy from stellar feedback is efficiently deposited. In this work we explore how this mechanism affects large scale properties of the galaxy, such as outflows. To do so we use a new model which treats OB stars and their associated feedback processes on a star-by-star basis. With this model we compare two hydrodynamical simulations of Milky Way-like galaxies, one where we include runaways, and one where we ignore them. Including runaway stars leads to twice as many supernovae explosions in regions with gas densities ranging from 10 −5 cm −3 to 10 −3 cm −3 . This results in more efficient heating of the inter-arm regions, and drives strong galactic winds with mass loading factors boosted by up to one order of magnitude. These outflows produce a more massive and extended multi-phase circumgalactic medium, as well as a population of dense clouds in the halo. Conversely, since less energy and momentum is released in the dense star forming regions, the cold phase of the interstellar medium is less disturbed by feedback effects.

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Quantifying Supernovae-driven Multiphase Galactic Outflows

Cited by 126 publications

References 105 publications

COS-burst: Observations of the Impact of Starburst-driven Winds on the Properties of the Circum-galactic Medium

COS-burst: Observations of the Impact of Starburst-driven Winds on the Properties of the Circum-galactic Medium

Simple Yet Powerful: Hot Galactic Outflows Driven by Supernovae

How runaway stars boost galactic outflows

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