Quantifying Pollutant Emissions from Office Equipment Phase IReport

Maddalena, Randy L.; Destaillats, Hugo; Hodgson, Alfred T.; McKone, Thomas E.; Perino, C.

doi:10.2172/918677

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The D5 levels we observed (mean=46 μg/m 3 ) were also higher than measurements in U.S. office buildings (mean=3 μg/m 3 ) . D5 is frequently used as a solvent for blending fragrance oil and is often present in air fresheners and cleaning fluids . The I/O ratios for d‐limonene and D5 were extremely high, underscoring the predominance of indoor sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments

et al. 2016

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Little information exists about exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in early childhood education (ECE) environments. We measured 38 VOCs in single-day air samples collected in 2010-2011 from 34 ECE facilities serving California children and evaluated potential health risks. We also examined unknown peaks in the GC/MS chromatographs for indoor samples and identified 119 of these compounds using mass spectral libraries. VOCs found in cleaning and personal care products had the highest indoor concentrations (d-limonene and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane [D5] medians: 33.1 and 51.4 μg/m³, respectively). If reflective of long-term averages, child exposures to benzene, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene exceeded age-adjusted "safe harbor levels" based on California's Proposition 65 guidelines (10 lifetime cancer risk) in 71%, 38%, 56%, and 97% of facilities, respectively. For VOCs without health benchmarks, we used information from toxicological databases and quantitative structure-activity relationship models to assess potential health concerns and identified 12 VOCs that warrant additional evaluation, including a number of terpenes and fragrance compounds. While VOC levels in ECE facilities resemble those in school and home environments, mitigation strategies are warranted to reduce exposures. More research is needed to identify sources and health risks of many VOCs and to support outreach to improve air quality in ECE facilities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 41%

VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments

et al. 2016

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“…Understanding the emission of volatile substances from consumer products is therefore essential for predicting and mitigating residential air concentrations, as well as for accurate quantification of exposure via different routes. Furthermore, knowledge about the evaporation kinetics of a chemical is needed for environmental fate modeling (Hodgson et al, 2003;Maddalena et al, 2011;Montemayor et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) from selected cosmetic products: Implications for consumer exposure modeling

Dudzina

Hidalgo

Goetz

et al. 2015

Environment International

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“…Styrene was detected in the emission from both paper and toner powder in this study. As a common constituent in paper and toner powder, styrene has been widely reported in printer emisisons by a number of studies. ,,,,, The rate constant for reaction between ozone and styrene was calculated by Tuazon et al Na et al reported SOA formation from a styrene–ozone system and proposed 3,5-diphenyl-1,2,4-trioxolane and a hydroxyl-substituted ester as the major aerosol-forming products. It was also found that SOA formation can be reduced with the presence of water vapor prior to styrene oxidation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the print phase, the chamber temperature increased from 26.4 to 29.0 °C and RH inside the chamber also increased, but remained below 75%, which is similar to that which was observed in previous studies. 13,14,21 In addition, at the beginning of each experiment, the ozone concentration in the chamber was below the detection limit of the instrument (2 ppbv).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone-Initiated Particle Formation, Particle Aging, and Precursors in a Laser Printer

Wang

Morawska

et al. 2012

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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An increasing number of researchers have hypothesized that ozone may be involved in the particle formation processes that occur during printing, however no studies have investigated this further. In the current study, this hypothesis was tested in a chamber study by adding supplemental ozone to the chamber after a print job without measurable ozone emissions. Subsequent particle number concentration and size distribution measurements showed that new particles were formed minutes after the addition of ozone. The results demonstrated that ozone did react with printer-generated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to form secondary organic aerosols (SOAs). The hypothesis was further confirmed by the observation of correlations among VOCs, ozone, and particles concentrations during a print job with measurable ozone emissions. The potential particle precursors were identified by a number of furnace tests, which suggested that squalene and styrene were the most likely SOA precursors with respect to ozone. Overall, this study significantly improved scientific understanding of the formation mechanisms of printer-generated particles, and highlighted the possible SOA formation potential of unsaturated nonterpene organic compounds by ozone-initiated reactions in the indoor environment.

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Quantifying Pollutant Emissions from Office Equipment Phase IReport

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments

VOC exposures in California early childhood education environments

Evaporation of decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) from selected cosmetic products: Implications for consumer exposure modeling

Ozone-Initiated Particle Formation, Particle Aging, and Precursors in a Laser Printer

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