Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets:Terminology, constraints, and current estimates

Zender, Charles S.; Miller, Ron; Tegen, Ina

doi:10.1029/2004eo480002

Cited by 318 publications

(252 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Land use such as agriculture can result in anthropogenic dust emissions, both through direct injection of dust particles during tillage, and through loss of soil cohesion leading to increased erosion rates (Zender et al, 2004). On a global scale, dusts emanating from agricultural sources are thought to represent a major contribution to anthropogenic dust emissions .…”

Section: O'sullivan Et Al: Ice Nucleation By Fertile Soil Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Agricultural dust emissions have been estimated to contribute around 20 % to the global dust burden. In contrast to dusts from arid source regions, the ice-nucleating abilities of which have been relatively well studied, soil dusts from fertile sources often contain a substantial fraction of organic matter. Using an experimental methodology which is sensitive to a wide range of ice nucleation efficiencies, we have characterised the immersion mode ice-nucleating activities of dusts (d < 11 µm) extracted from fertile soils collected at four locations around England. By controlling droplet sizes, which ranged in volume from 10 −12 to 10 −6 L (concentration = 0.02 to 0.1 wt % dust), we have been able to determine the ice nucleation behaviour of soil dust particles at temperatures ranging from 267 K (−6 • C) down to the homogeneous limit of freezing at about 237 K (−36 • C). At temperatures above 258 K (−15 • C) we find that the ice-nucleating activity of soil dusts is diminished by heat treatment or digestion with hydrogen peroxide, suggesting that a major fraction of the ice nuclei stems from biogenic components in the soil. However, below 258 K, we find that the ice active site densities tend towards those expected from the mineral components in the soils, suggesting that the inorganic fraction of soil dusts, in particular the K-feldspar fraction, becomes increasingly important in the initiation of the ice phase at lower temperatures. We conclude that dusts from agricultural activities could contribute significantly to atmospheric IN concentrations, if such dusts exhibit similar activities to those observed in the current laboratory study.

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Section: O'sullivan Et Al: Ice Nucleation By Fertile Soil Dustsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

et al. 2014

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“…Dust particles are part of the coarse mode aerosol typically occurring in the super-µm size range (Haywood et al, 2001;Reid et al, 2003). Current estimates of annual global emission of dust particles that are available for long-range transport vary between 1000 and 2000 Tg (Zender et al, 2004).…”

Section: Wind-blown Dust and Climatementioning

confidence: 99%

A case of extreme particulate matter concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine

et al. 2008

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Abstract. On 24 March 2007, an extraordinary dust plume was observed in the Central European troposphere. Satellite observations revealed its origins in a dust storm in Southern Ukraine, where large amounts of soil were resuspended from dried-out farmlands at wind gusts up to 30 m s−1. Along the pathway of the plume, maximum particulate matter (PM10) mass concentrations between 200 and 1400 μg m−3 occurred in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland, and Germany. Over Germany, the dust plume was characterised by a volume extinction coefficient up to 400 Mm−1 and a particle optical depth of 0.71 at wavelength 0.532 μm. In-situ size distribution measurements as well as the wavelength dependence of light extinction from lidar and Sun photometer measurements confirmed the presence of a coarse particle mode with diameters around 2–3 μm. Chemical particle analyses suggested a fraction of 75% crustal material in daily average PM10 and up to 85% in the coarser fraction PM10–2.5. Based on the particle characteristics as well as a lack of increased CO and CO2 levels, a significant impact of biomass burning was ruled out. The reasons for the high particle concentrations in the dust plume were twofold: First, dust was transported very rapidly into Central Europe in a boundary layer jet under dry conditions. Second, the dust plume was confined to a relatively stable boundary layer of 1.4–1.8 km height, and could therefore neither expand nor dilute efficiently. Our findings illustrate the capacity of combined in situ and remote sensing measurements to characterise large-scale dust plumes with a variety of aerosol parameters. Although such plumes from Southern Eurasia seem to occur rather infrequently in Central Europe, its unexpected features highlights the need to improve the description of dust emission, transport and transformation processes needs, particularly when facing the possible effects of further anthropogenic desertification and climate change.

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“…Sahara is the more intense Aeolian dust source in the world and is responsible for half of the mineral dust emissions globally (Zender et al, 2004). Guerzoni et al (1999) and Kallos et al (2005) found that approximately 10 8 metric tons of dust are deposited annually over the Mediterranean Sea, and a similar amount is transferred towards Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the Influence of African Dust on PM10 Concentrations at the Athens Air Quality Monitoring Network during the Period 2001-2010

Aleksandropoulou

Lazaridis

2013

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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The objective of this work was to identify Sahara dust intrusions and quantify their contribution to annual and daily PM 10 concentrations over the Athens Metropolitan Area (AMA) during the period 2001-2010. Additionally, extreme PM 10 values attributed to large forest fires and volcanic emissions or the synergy of the above with African dust intrusions have been identified. It was found that the concentrations of PM 10 during the period studied exceeded the European Union's Air Quality Standard (EU AQS) value at most of the traffic urban (TU) stations. Most of the extreme values were attributed to dust events or large forest fires. The contribution from African dust to PM 10 concentrations on days with events and exceedances of the EU AQS was approximately 50% at TU stations and 72% at the background suburban stations (BS). Most of the African dust events contributed about 5 μg/m 3 to 34 μg/m 3 to the daily PM 10 concentrations, whereas the average contribution to annual PM 10 concentrations was approximately 8.6 ± 1.8 μg/m 3 i.e., 22.2 ± 7.5%. During the decade, no clear interannual relationship was observed between the African dust contribution and the frequency and intensity of events. The more frequent and severe episodes occurred during spring, while less frequent and less severe episodes occurred during summer. After the extraction of the African dust load the annual and daily AQS was exceeded in 2010 at only one TU station. The average annual contribution of African dust to the exceedances was approximately 36% at TU stations and 58% at BS stations.

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Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets:Terminology, constraints, and current estimates

Cited by 318 publications

References 5 publications

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

Ice nucleation by fertile soil dusts: relative importance of mineral and biogenic components

A case of extreme particulate matter concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine

Identification of the Influence of African Dust on PM10 Concentrations at the Athens Air Quality Monitoring Network during the Period 2001-2010

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