Quantifying hurricane destructive power, wind speed, and air‐sea material exchange with natural undersea sound

Wilson, Joshua D.; Makris, Nicholas C.

doi:10.1029/2008gl033200

Cited by 29 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Although, no hurricane passed near the island during the hurricane season of 2010-11, we were still able to correlate the recorded underwater noise data with wind speeds. The noise intensity is found to be approximately proportional to the cube of the local wind speed [8], which is consistent with the results obtained by Wilson and Makris [7]. We found that low frequency underwater noise was often contaminated by anthropogenic airgun signals [8].…”

Section: Work Completedsupporting

confidence: 80%

Office of Naval Research Graduate Traineeship Award in Ocean Acoustics for Ankita Deepak Jain

Makris¹

2012

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OBJECTIVESA primary goal of this research is to model biological clutter in the continental shelf environments of the ocean. We aim to do this by modeling scattered returns from fish shoals in continental shelf environments using a full field matched filter approach as well as its single frequency approximation. This will help in characterizing clutter and will help distinguish scattered fields of moving targets from stationary background reverberation and submerged targets in sonar data.We aim to develop a unified theory and model for ocean reverberation dependent on seafloor parameters such as density, compressibility and coherence volume. We will use a full field matched filter approach and its time harmonic approximation to model reverberation from volume inhomogeneities. A Monte-Carlo approach based on the parabolic equation will be applied to model acoustic wave propagation in a fluctuating ocean waveguide. We aim at using the model to invert for these parameters and obtain accurate estimates by calibrating modeled returns with data collected during past Ocean Acoustic Waveguide Remote Sensing (OAWRS) experiments in 2003 and 2006 in the New Jersey continental shelf and the Gulf of Maine, respectively.Another goal of this research is to test the hypothesis that inexpensive underwater acoustic measurements can be used to determine the wind speed and classify the destructive power of a hurricane with greater accuracy than standard satellite remote sensing techniques and with at least the same accuracy as hurricane hunting aircraft. APPROACH During the past OAWRS experiments in 2003 and 2006, we demonstrated that fish schools are the dominant cause of clutter in typical continental shelf environments [4,5]. Based on the inverted parameters of fish such as neutral buoyancy depth, target strength and population density [6], scattered returns from fish distributions can be modeled and calibrated with measured returns. This model can then be extended to simulate wide-area images and movies, similar to those developed from collected data in the past [4,5], showing temporal and spatial evolution of vast oceanic fish shoals.We formulate a unified theory to model scattered returns from randomly distributed seafloor inhomogeneities in range-dependent ocean waveguides using the Rayleigh-Born approximation to

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Section: Work Completedsupporting

confidence: 80%

Office of Naval Research Graduate Traineeship Award in Ocean Acoustics for Ankita Deepak Jain

Makris¹

2012

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“…Wilson andMakris (2006, 2008) suggest that low-frequency sound, which is unaffected by bubble attenuation, may be used to monitor the wind speed and show supporting measurements from a single hydrophone at 800-m depth measuring 10-50-Hz sound beneath Hurricane Gert (1999). Wilson andMakris (2006, 2008) suggest that low-frequency sound, which is unaffected by bubble attenuation, may be used to monitor the wind speed and show supporting measurements from a single hydrophone at 800-m depth measuring 10-50-Hz sound beneath Hurricane Gert (1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 65%

The Sound of Tropical Cyclones

Zhao

D’Asaro

Nystuen

2014

Journal of Physical Oceanography

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Underwater ambient sound levels beneath tropical cyclones were measured using hydrophones onboard Lagrangian floats, which were air deployed in the paths of Hurricane Gustav (2008) and Typhoons Megi (2010) and Fanapi (2010. The sound levels at 40 Hz-50 kHz from 1-to 50-m depth were measured at wind speeds up to 45 m s 21 . The measurements reveal a complex dependence of the sound level on wind speed due to the competing effects of sound generation by breaking wind waves and sound attenuation by quiescent bubbles. Sound level increases monotonically with increasing wind speed only for low frequencies (,200 Hz). At higher frequencies (.200 Hz), sound level first increases and then decreases with increasing wind speed. There is a wind speed that produces a maximum sound level for each frequency; the wind speed of the maximum sound level decreases with frequency. Sound level at .20 kHz mostly decreases with wind speed over the wind range 15-45 m s 21 . The sound field is nearly uniform with depth in the upper 50 m with nearly all sound attenuation limited to the upper 2 m at all measured frequencies. A simple model of bubble trajectories based on the measured float trajectories finds that resonant bubbles at the high-frequency end of the observations (25 kHz) could easily be advected deeper than 2 m during tropical cyclones. Thus, bubble rise velocity alone cannot explain the lack of sound attenuation at these depths.

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“…This appealing feature of acoustic-gravity waves has only recently been considered in ocean engineering applications, like for example tsunami early warning (Stiassnie 2010;Sammarco et al 2013). Indeed, recent analysis of hydrophone data has shown the occurrence of underwater acoustic noise directly coupled with violent atmospheric perturbations (Wilson & Makris 2008). This suggests that compressibility needs to be included into the theory of transient wave generation by surface pressure variations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydro-acoustic precursors of gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances localised in space and time

Renzi

Dias

2014

J. Fluid Mech.

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Citation: RENZI, E. and DIAS, F., 2014. Hydro-acoustic precursors of gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances localised in space and time. We consider the mechanics of coupled underwater-acoustic and surface-gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances in a slightly compressible fluid. We show that pressure changes on the ocean surface, localised in space and time, can induce appreciable underwater compression waves which are precursors of the surface gravity waves. Although the physical properties of acoustic-gravity waves have already been discussed in the literature, such dynamics was not investigated in previous studies. We derive new results for the underwater compression wave field and discuss the dynamics of its generation and propagation. This work could lead to the design of innovative alert systems for coastal flooding management.

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Quantifying hurricane destructive power, wind speed, and air‐sea material exchange with natural undersea sound

Cited by 29 publications

References 27 publications

Office of Naval Research Graduate Traineeship Award in Ocean Acoustics for Ankita Deepak Jain

Office of Naval Research Graduate Traineeship Award in Ocean Acoustics for Ankita Deepak Jain

The Sound of Tropical Cyclones

Hydro-acoustic precursors of gravity waves generated by surface pressure disturbances localised in space and time

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