Abstract:There are several discrepancies in how fast-bowling skill has been assessed and subsequently quantified in the literature to date. This is a problem, because comparisons between studies are often difficult. Therefore, a strong rationale exists for the creation of match-specific standardized fast-bowling assessments that offer greater ecological validity while maintaining acceptable reliability and sensitivity of the skill measures. If prospective research can act on the proposed recommendations from this revie… Show more
“…Furthermore, the FBS-T20 did not allocate time for breaks in play because of boundaries or wickets that would lead to increased duration of play. Temperatures and humidity recordings (temperature: 21.3 ± 5.1° C; humidity: 45 ± 17%), remained stable throughout the FBS-T20 and were similar to temperatures reported in a previous pace bowling simulation study (6). These environmental conditions are potentially less harsh than what players would experience during an Australian cricket summer but may be similar to playing conditions in the Northern Hemisphere.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The authors largely contribute this to differences in the playing level of the players (national vs. local level). National and international level players have been demonstrated to have V̇ o 2 max values ranging between 50.6 and 62.7 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , which is higher than the estimated V̇ o 2 max from the Yo-Yo IRT1 results of the recreational players from this study (44.9 ± 2.9 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) (6,11,20). Given the lower physical fitness of players in this study compared with national players, we can conclude that given the same external workloads, recreational players are most likely to demonstrate higher internal workloads.…”
Milne, EC, Vickery, WM, Dascombe, BJ, and Borges, NR. Development of a twenty20 field-based simulation for cricket fast bowlers (FBS-T20). J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2905-2911, 2022-This project assessed the validity and reliability of a novel Twenty20 cricket pace bowling simulation (FBS-T20) that could be used to facilitate match-specific testing and training outside of match play. Six recreational pace bowlers completed 3 identical sessions of the FBS-T20. The FBS-T20 consisted of 4 bowling and 16 fielding overs. During the bowling overs, a bowling accuracy test and bowling approach speed were measured, whereas during the fielding overs, 10-m sprint performance was assessed. Distance covered, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also collected throughout the FBS-T20. Validity was determined through comparison with previously reported Twenty20 pace bowling match demands, and intersession reliabilities were assessed. Distances covered in speed zones were valid (p . 0.05) with the exception of significantly lower jog values in the FBS-T20 (957-1,279 vs. 2,195 m; p 5 0.04-,0.001). The maximal HR was found to be valid, but the mean HR was significantly higher than previously published data (147-151 bpm vs. 133 bpm; p 5 0.014-0.003). Distances covered demonstrated high levels of reliability, with increasing reliability found after additional sessions (coefficient of variation [CV]% 5 3.8-14.4). The HR (CV% 5 4.8-6.3) and session RPE (CV% 5 10.8) demonstrated moderate reliability, whereas approach speed, 10-m sprint, and bowling skills test results possessed low levels of reliability. The FBS-T20 is a practically viable testing and training tool that is valid and reliable for distances covered at high speeds. One full familiarization session is recommended for optimal reliability.
“…Furthermore, the FBS-T20 did not allocate time for breaks in play because of boundaries or wickets that would lead to increased duration of play. Temperatures and humidity recordings (temperature: 21.3 ± 5.1° C; humidity: 45 ± 17%), remained stable throughout the FBS-T20 and were similar to temperatures reported in a previous pace bowling simulation study (6). These environmental conditions are potentially less harsh than what players would experience during an Australian cricket summer but may be similar to playing conditions in the Northern Hemisphere.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 81%
“…The authors largely contribute this to differences in the playing level of the players (national vs. local level). National and international level players have been demonstrated to have V̇ o 2 max values ranging between 50.6 and 62.7 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 , which is higher than the estimated V̇ o 2 max from the Yo-Yo IRT1 results of the recreational players from this study (44.9 ± 2.9 ml·kg −1 ·min −1 ) (6,11,20). Given the lower physical fitness of players in this study compared with national players, we can conclude that given the same external workloads, recreational players are most likely to demonstrate higher internal workloads.…”
Milne, EC, Vickery, WM, Dascombe, BJ, and Borges, NR. Development of a twenty20 field-based simulation for cricket fast bowlers (FBS-T20). J Strength Cond Res 36(10): 2905-2911, 2022-This project assessed the validity and reliability of a novel Twenty20 cricket pace bowling simulation (FBS-T20) that could be used to facilitate match-specific testing and training outside of match play. Six recreational pace bowlers completed 3 identical sessions of the FBS-T20. The FBS-T20 consisted of 4 bowling and 16 fielding overs. During the bowling overs, a bowling accuracy test and bowling approach speed were measured, whereas during the fielding overs, 10-m sprint performance was assessed. Distance covered, heart rate (HR), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were also collected throughout the FBS-T20. Validity was determined through comparison with previously reported Twenty20 pace bowling match demands, and intersession reliabilities were assessed. Distances covered in speed zones were valid (p . 0.05) with the exception of significantly lower jog values in the FBS-T20 (957-1,279 vs. 2,195 m; p 5 0.04-,0.001). The maximal HR was found to be valid, but the mean HR was significantly higher than previously published data (147-151 bpm vs. 133 bpm; p 5 0.014-0.003). Distances covered demonstrated high levels of reliability, with increasing reliability found after additional sessions (coefficient of variation [CV]% 5 3.8-14.4). The HR (CV% 5 4.8-6.3) and session RPE (CV% 5 10.8) demonstrated moderate reliability, whereas approach speed, 10-m sprint, and bowling skills test results possessed low levels of reliability. The FBS-T20 is a practically viable testing and training tool that is valid and reliable for distances covered at high speeds. One full familiarization session is recommended for optimal reliability.
“…Even so, economy rate is not directly substitutable for accuracy, and even if it were, accuracy or skill is hard to quantify in a game where variety in terms of the trajectory and speed at which a ball is bowled can also bring rewards. As a result, testing for a correlation between speed and economy rate at broad scales – or accuracy by some measure 71 – is likely to remain elusive under match conditions.…”
Data from elite professional sports players provide a valuable source of information on human performance and ageing. Functional declines in performance have been investigated across a wide range of sporting disciplines that vary in their need for physical strength, endurance, cognitive ability and motor skills, but researchers do not always consider other sources of heterogeneity that can exist between individuals. Using information on all male bowlers to have played Test match cricket since the early 1970s, this study separated age-dependent variation in bowling performance at the population-level into within-individual and between-individual (age-class) changes. There was little evidence for senescence in bowling performance as measured via economy rate or wicket-taking ability, irrespective of the style of the bowler (fast or slow). Instead, analyses detected strong between-individual contributions to bowling performance as higher quality bowlers were able to compete at the elite level for longer, and were therefore over-represented in older age classes: how they accomplish this alongside the physical demands of Test cricket remains unresolved. Bowlers also experienced a deterioration in the last year of their Test careers. Lastly, multivariate models identified a negative correlation between slow bowlers in their economy rate and their wicket-taking ability, suggesting that in general, the most economical slow bowlers in the modern era of Test match cricket have also taken wickets at the fastest rate. The same is not true for fast bowlers, which is perhaps partly because bowling at high speed compromises accuracy and thus increases scoring opportunities for batters.
“…The few interventions designed for fast bowlers have also had physiological or kinematic aims like technique modification for back and shoulder injury prevention (Ranson et al, 2009), harness usage for reduced disc degeneration (Wallis et al, 2002), or cooling methods for reducing physiological load (Minett et al, 2012). Interventions relating to the improvement of fast bowling performance from a performance analysis perspective are scant, despite knowing how integral they are to team performance, as they are the enforcers of minimizing opposition runs and maximizing opposition wickets -both of which are important performance measures of bowling performance in cricket (Feros et al, 2018b;Jamil et al, 2021;Mehta et al, 2022). The accuracy of bowling, therefore, is critical to team success, and inaccurate bowling not only works to the batter's advantage in general but also carries penalties in limited-overs cricket formats, such as one extra run for the batting team and an extra ball for wide balls and no-balls (when the bowler oversteps the bowling crease or bowls an above waist high full toss).…”
In this quantitative study, a bespoke coaching drill was designed and tested over a 16-week period with the ultimate aim of improving the bowling accuracy of 6 participant seam bowlers. This experiment consisted of 6 participants that were all male and had a mean age of 19.5 7.5, mean height (cm) of 184.75 5.57 and mean weight (kg) of 78.05 9.87. Due to the repeated measures experimental design, paired samples t-tests were conducted to assess the effectiveness of this coaching intervention and compare performances between the “control” phase and the “training” phase. Results revealed that this purposely designed coaching drill led to a significant improvement of bowling lines (p 0.001) with a moderate effect size and bowling lengths (p 0.001) with a large effect size. This coaching intervention did not however have any significant effect upon bowling discipline (p = 0.134). Evidence is discovered proving that the regular repetition of exercises over a prolonged period of time can ultimately enhance motor skill refinement. From a practical perspective, coaches can replicate the drill introduced in this study as a means of skill acquisition and skill refinement for their seam bowlers.
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