Quantification of the uncertainty of the visual detection of the end-point of a titration: Determination of total hardness in water

Ferreira, Diogo Cunha; Barros, Miguel; Oliveira, Cristina; Silva, Ricardo J.N. Bettencourt da

doi:10.1016/j.microc.2019.01.069

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The protocol described was also applied to estimate the uncertainties in the concentration of the standard solutions used during the verification of AQUALAB 4TE. These uncertainties were found to be 2–5% of the molality in each case, which is fairly consistent with the results of the dedicated investigation …”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Activity of water in aqueous solutions containing sulfuric acid and uranyl sulfate has been determined at 298.15, 310.65, and 323.15 K by means of the apparatus AQUALAB 4TE. The data obtained, along with literature information about activity of water and solid–liquid equilibria in the H2O–UO2SO4 and H2O–H2SO4–UO2SO4 systems, were used to develop a thermodynamic model of the ternary system mentioned. The resulting model, employing Pitzer–Simonson–Clegg (PSC) equations to represent the properties of a liquid phase, is valid within a wide range of temperatures and concentrations. Apart from introducing novel experimental data and a thermodynamic model, the reported study discusses advantages and disadvantages of the PSC-based thermodynamic descriptions of the H2O–H2SO4 subsystem presented in the literature.

show abstract

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…These uncertainties were found to be 2−5% of the molality in each case, which is fairly consistent with the results of the dedicated investigation. 18 3. MODELING 3.1.…”

Section: Estimation Of Uncertaintiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Ca hardness content was determined using the EDTA titration method based on the standard ISO 6058, and alkalinity content was determined using the H + –OH – titration method. , The operational details of the titration for Ca hardness and alkalinity are described in detail in Text 5 and Text 6, respectively. The content of SO 4 2– was determined using the spectrophotometer (Hach DR2800, Shanghai, China), and the content of Na + was calculated by the conservation of charge.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anode Boundary Layer Extraction Strategy for H⁺–OH^– Separation in Undivided Electrolytic Cell: Modeling, Electrochemical Analysis, and Water Softening Application

Ba,

Chen,

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS EST Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To promote the application of the electrolysis process for in situ pH adjustment of wastewaters with complex matrices, a robust, industrially scalable, and undivided electrolytic cell featuring the abstraction of H + from the anode boundary layer was developed in this study, where a tubular Ti porous membrane was used as the anode. Modeling, electrochemical analysis, and COMSOL simulation results show that abstracting H + from the anode boundary layer could effectively inhibit the transfer of H + into the bulk solution with the decrease in the anode double-layer thickness and electric double-layer capacitance. Increasing the current density from 6 to 22 mA cm −2 and the influent rate from 330 to 11,100 mL min −1 deteriorated the H + −OH − separation performance, owing to the enhanced electro-migration of H + into the bulk solution and turbulence state near the anode surface, respectively. The H + −OH − separation performance showed a volcanic type change trend with the acid extraction rate with the optimal value at 50 mL min −1 , specifically the separation efficiency of 10%−72% and 16%−94% for H + and OH − in the acidic and alkaline effluents, respectively, at an influent rate of 500 mL min −1 and a current density of 6−22 mA cm −2 . Importantly, the present undivided electrolytic cell showed better H + −OH − separation performance than that of the widely studied membrane-based divided system. The feasibility of this undivided electrolytic cell was also validated by water softening experiments, where the Ca hardness removal efficiency was 42%−92% with energy consumption of 1.2−4.6 kWh (kgCaCO 3 ) −1 at a current density of 6−22 mA cm −2 . In general, this new undivided electrolytic cell opened a new pathway for in situ electrochemically regulating wastewater pH.

show abstract

“…The contents were later titrated with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA ð Þ solution. The titration was continued till the color change from purple to blue and calculate the total Hardness; Result ¼ E:Pmloftitration � 40 (Ferreira et al, 2019).…”

Section: Total Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between radon concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater of Erbil city, Iraq

Qadir

Asaad

Qadir

et al. 2021

Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study portrays the relationship between Radon activity concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater in Erbil city, Iraq. Primary data of groundwater samples were collected from five different zones in Erbil, during February 2019. Water samples were collected for both Radon measurement and physicochemical analysis. Water samples were taken from 24 different wells as a reference, then directly measured their radioactivity at the laboratory of Erbil Environment Office. Dissolved Radon 222 Rn in a sampled groundwater has been measured using an electronic Radon detector RAD 7. Determination of various parameters such as pH, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium in groundwater has also been measured. Moreover, regression analysis illustrated that there is no significant relationship observed between pH, TDS, and hardness, Sulfate, and Magnesium with Radon activity concentration because these are no significant at the 95% confidence level. Otherwise, the correlation of determinate (R 2 ) values show the relationship between Sulfate and Magnesium with Radon concentration because these are significant at the 95% confidence level. All measurements were done in almost identical environmental conditions to avoid the minor differences in meteorological parameters.

show abstract

Quantification of the uncertainty of the visual detection of the end-point of a titration: Determination of total hardness in water

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Anode Boundary Layer Extraction Strategy for H⁺–OH^– Separation in Undivided Electrolytic Cell: Modeling, Electrochemical Analysis, and Water Softening Application

Relationship between radon concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater of Erbil city, Iraq

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Quantification of the uncertainty of the visual detection of the end-point of a titration: Determination of total hardness in water

Cited by 14 publications

References 4 publications

Thermodynamic Model of the H2O–H2SO4–UO2SO4 System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Thermodynamic Model of the H2O–H2SO4–UO2SO4 System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Anode Boundary Layer Extraction Strategy for H+–OH– Separation in Undivided Electrolytic Cell: Modeling, Electrochemical Analysis, and Water Softening Application

Relationship between radon concentration and physicochemical parameters in groundwater of Erbil city, Iraq

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Thermodynamic Model of the H₂O–H₂SO₄–UO₂SO₄ System Incorporating Novel Experimental Data on Water Activity

Anode Boundary Layer Extraction Strategy for H⁺–OH^– Separation in Undivided Electrolytic Cell: Modeling, Electrochemical Analysis, and Water Softening Application