Quantification of selected furocoumarins by high-performance liquid chromatography and UV-detection: Capabilities and limits

Furocoumarins are secondary metabolites that occur in various plant species used as ingredients in fragrances and cosmetics. Those compounds have received an increased interest in those matrices since they are known to induce photosensitization and to have potential carcinogenic, mutagenic and reprotoxic effects. To date, there are no restricted limits regarding these compounds; however, some committees proposed following seven targeted compounds at low level concentration in finished cosmetic products (≤1 mg/l). This implies the need for a robust and specific analytical method to control and determine their concentrations in essential oils or more complex matrices such as fragrances. An innovative RP‐HPLC high‐resolution/accurate‐mass MS method based on Orbitrap technology was developed to quantify seven furocoumarins in fragrances in the range 0.01–1 mg/l. This method was developed and validated according to accuracy profile methodology. Accurate mass and high resolution provides a robust and highly specific approach to quantify the compounds and minimize tedious sample preparation. The method was finally used to quantify more than 50 perfumes (eaux de toilette, eaux de parfum, extraits). Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Quantification of furocoumarins in hydroalcoholic fragrances by a liquid chromatography–high resolution/accurate mass method

Corbi¹,

Pérès²,

David³

2014

“…Until now, published HPTLC methods were limited to the analysis of a few furocoumarins whereas the 15 most commonly found in Citrus oils ( 1–15 ) can be analysed by HPLC‐DAD in 60 min and an additional 3 by UHPLC/TOF‐HRMS in 15 min …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantification of bergapten can be performed in the 5–80 or 13–80 mg kg −1 ranges either in a solvent or matrix, with a LOD of 2 mg kg −1 . The method exhibits similar limits than the HPLC/UV method validated by the IFRA analytical working group …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For quantitative analyses, the scanner conditions were set as follows: slit width 4 × 0.30 mm, scanning speed 20 mm/s and absorption reflection scan mode. The source of radiation was a deuterium lamp emitting at the constant wavelength 310 nm which is the optimum absorption wavelength of bergapten …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method was validated in a collaborative ring test by the IFRA Analytical Working Group 8 years later. The method was shown to be linear between 10 and 250 mg kg −1 with a LOD and an LOQ of 2.5 and 10 mg kg −1 , respectively. The method was only validated in a standardized essential oils matrix because of the lack of specificity of the UV detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

HPTLC methods for qualitative and quantitative analysis of selected furocoumarins in essential oils

Borgne¹,

Cicchetti²,

Bertrand³

2017

The concentration of furocoumarins, known to induce mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and photodermatitis under UV radiation, is limited by the EU cosmetic regulation in consumer products such as cosmetics, sun protection and bronzing formulations. The bergapten concentration is also limited by the International Fragrance Association. Analytical methods have been proposed for their quantification using high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with UV detection or mass spectrometry with limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) in accordance with the regulation. These methods are time and solvent consuming for routine quality control analyses. In this context, simple and fast HPLC methods in one‐ (1‐D) and two‐ (2‐D) dimensions were developed for the simultaneous analysis of the 15 most common furocoumarins reported in Citrus essential oils: psoralen, bergapten, xanthotoxin, isopimpinellin, oxypeucedanin, oxypeucedanin hydrate, byakangelicol, byakangelicin, heraclenin, 8‐geranyloxypsoralen, bergamottin, imperatorin, isoimperatorin, phellopterin, epoxybergamottin along with five other furocoumarins known to be present in Angelica, bergamot or Heracleum species: angelicin, bergaptol, isobergapten, psora‐4 and 5‐(4‐phenoxybutoxy)psoralen. The 1‐D method was validated for the quantification of bergapten using a Camag TLC Scanner as a detector. The LOD was determined at 2 mg/kg. The method was linear from 2 to 100 mg/kg and the method range was defined using accuracy profiles at with an 80% tolerance interval, with a 30% error, to be 5–100 mg/kg in acetonitrile and 13–100 mg/kg in matrix.

Oxygen heterocyclic compound screening in Citrus essential oils by linear retention index approach applied to liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array detector

Arigò

Rigano

Micalizzi

et al. 2019

To date, liquid chromatography coupled to a photodiode array (PDA) detector is the main technique employed to analyse furocoumarins (FCs) in essential oils. This type of detection may lead to poor performance because of the low sensitivity and selectivity of PDA detection. In this work, the linear retention index (LRI) was used in combination with a UV‐Vis library for the identification of 35 oxygen heterocyclic compounds in Citrus essential oils, making it possible to distinguish compounds with very similar spectra. As opposed to retention time, which can significantly change with the instrument or laboratory used, LRI represents a kind of normalized relative retention time, as independent as possible from operating conditions. From a qualitative point of view, reproducibility results are provided to definitively assess the suitability of such an approach for inter‐laboratory use and for a fully automated process, even when pure and very expensive standard materials are not available, as just the LRI database and the UV‐Vis library are needed. From a quantitative point of view, calibration curves were created in pure solvent and by adding standard compounds to several blank matrices, with the aim of evaluating differences, overcoming matrix effects, achieving the correct limits of quantification, and providing the quantitative profile of real samples. The LRI system is not listed in the Commission Decision 2002/657/EC as criteria for the Full Scan UV‐Vis detection; however, its validity and applicability are here investigated and proposed for future applications, in combination with the UV‐Vis library.