Quantification of overload injuries to thoracolumbar vertebrae and discs in persons exposed to heavy physical exertions or vibration at the work-place

Brinckmann, Paul; Frobin, Wolfgang; Biggemann, M; Hilweg, D; Seidel, Sebastian; Burton, Kim; Tillotson, Malcolm; Sandover, J.; Atha, J.; Quinnell, R. C.

doi:10.1016/0268-0033(94)90074-4

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine images were imported into Mimics (version 17.0, Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) for digital measurements of overall geometry as well as sagittal rotations and translations of individual T12 through S1 vertebrae as they slowly flexed forward or extended backward from their relaxed upright posture. A previously developed approach to measure sagittal plane motions (rotations and translations) of vertebrae from lateral radiographs was used . In brief, ventral and dorsal corners of each vertebra (as landmarks at maximal distance from the vertebral body centroid) were identified in the upright, flexed, and extended postures (Figure ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A previously developed approach to measure sagittal plane motions (rotations and translations) of vertebrae from lateral radiographs was used. 16,17 In brief, ventral and dorsal corners of each vertebra (as landmarks at maximal distance from the vertebral body centroid) were identified in the upright, flexed, and extended postures ( Figure 2). Ventral and dorsal midpoints and hence the vertebral mid-height planes and centroids (in the middle of planes) were identified.…”

Section: In Vivo Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subject‐specific loads on the lumbar spine in detailed finite element models scaled geometrically and kinematic‐driven by radiography images

Dehghan-Hamani

Arjmand

Shirazi‐Adl

2019

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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Traditional load‐control musculoskeletal and finite element (FE) models of the spine fail to accurately predict in vivo intervertebral joint loads due mainly to the simplifications and assumptions when estimating redundant trunk muscle forces. An alternative powerful protocol that bypasses the calculation of muscle forces is to drive the detailed FE models by image‐based in vivo displacements. Development of subject‐specific models, however, both involves the risk of extensive radiation exposures while imaging in supine and upright postures and is time consuming in terms of the reconstruction of the vertebrae, discs, ligaments, and facets geometries. This study therefore aimed to introduce a remedy for the development of subject‐specific FE models by scaling the geometry of an existing detailed FE model of the T12‐S1 lumbar spine. Five subject‐specific scaled models were driven by their own radiography image‐based displacements in order to predict joint loads, ligament forces, facet joint forces, and disc fiber strains during relaxed upright as well as moderate flexion and extension tasks. The predicted intradiscal pressures were found in adequate agreement with in vivo data for upright, flexion, and extension tasks. There were however large intersubject variations in the estimated joint loads and facet forces.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Vivo Data Collection and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Subject‐specific loads on the lumbar spine in detailed finite element models scaled geometrically and kinematic‐driven by radiography images

Dehghan-Hamani

Arjmand

Shirazi‐Adl

2019

Numer Methods Biomed Eng

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“…The drawback of the aforementioned studies was that the data was based on cadaveric spines which do not reflect the actual in vivo situation. 7 While Brinckmann et al 8,9 provided extensive quantitative data on the influences of age and work load on disc height as well as on vertebral and discal shape using distortion-compensated roentgen analysis (DCRA), a simultaneous assessment of the extent of disc degeneration was not possible by radiography. An assessment by MRI overcomes this disadvantage and the measurements are not prone to radiographic distorsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aging and degeneration on disc volume and shape: A quantitative study in asymptomatic volunteers

Pfirrmann

Metzdorf

Elfering

et al. 2006

Journal Orthopaedic Research

127

105

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Debate continues on the effect of disc degeneration and aging on disc volume and shape. So far, no quantitative in vivo MRI data is available on the factors influencing disc volume and shape. The objective of this MRI study was to quantitatively investigate changes in disc height, volume, and shape as a result of aging and/or degeneration omitting pathologic (i.e., painful) disc alterations. Seventy asymptomatic volunteers (20-78 years) were investigated with sagittal T1-and T2-weighted MR-images encompassing the whole lumbar spine. Disc height was determined by the Dabbs method and the Farfan index. Disc volume was calculated by the Cavalieri method. For the disc shape the ''disc convexity index'' was calculated by the ratio of central disc height and mean anterior/posterior disc height. Disc height, disc volume, and the disc convexity index measurements were corrected for disc level and the individuals age, weight, height, and sex in a multilevel regression analysis. Multilevel regression analysis showed that disc volume was negatively influenced by disc degeneration ( p < 0.001) and positively correlated with body height ( p < 0.001) and age ( p < 0.01). Mean disc height and the disc convexity index were negatively influenced by disc degeneration but not by gender, weight, and height. Disc height was positively correlated with age ( p < 0.01). From the results of this study, it can be concluded that disc degeneration generally results in a decrease of disc height and volume as well as a less convex disc shape. In the absence of disc degeneration, however, age tends to result in an inverse relationship on disc height, volume, and shape. ß

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“…Damped seats reducing whole-body vibration in heavy earth-moving equipment have led to significant improvements [5]. On the theoretical side, however, the mechanism of whole-body vibration acting on the spine and producing impairments to it needs better understanding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of disc injury in subjects exposed to long-term whole-body vibration

Drerup

Granitzka

Assheuer

et al. 1999

European Spine Journal

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Long-term exposure to whole-body vibration is known to increase the risk of low back problems. The chain of events leading from repeated loading of the lumbar spine to back complaints and the exact nature of the vibration-induced damage are, however, obscure. Fluid in-and outflow as well as viscoelastic deformation are important aspects of the physiological function of the lumbar disc. Precision measurement of stature, termed 'stadiometry', has previously been applied in healthy subjects to document changes in disc height in relation to the load on the lumbar spine. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between spinal loading and stature in a cohort of 20 subjects with longterm exposure to whole-body vibration. If the change of stature (and thus the change of disc height) caused by changes in spinal loading differed between exposed and normal subjects, this would point to vibration-induced changes in structure and material properties of the discs. For this purpose, four hypotheses were tested: (1) the viscoelastic deformation and fluid exchange of intervertebral discs during phases of spinal loading and unloading differs from normal; (2) the water content of lumbar discs of subjects exposed to long-term wholebody vibration deviates from normal; (3) the mean disc height of the lumbar spine depends on the total time of vibration exposure; (4) repeated loading influences trabecular bone density of vertebrae in the lumbar spine. A cohort of 20 operators of heavy earth-moving machinery was enrolled. Back complaints suspected to be due to long-term exposure (mean 17.6 ± 2.1 years) to wholebody vibration and application for early retirement were the selection criteria used. Change of stature during a regular 8-h shift and change of stature in standing, carrying and sitting activities were measured. The stadiometric investigations were supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine to assess whether the water content of the discs exhibited deviations from normal. In addition, quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was performed to assess whether the trabecular bone density of the third lumbar vertebra deviated from normal. The results showed no significant difference in change of stature while standing, carrying or sitting between exposed machine operators and non-exposed operators. Likewise, MRI examinations revealed no significant differences in the water content of the discs averaged over the lumbar spine. In addition, QCT examinations revealed no significant difference in the trabecular bone density of the third lumbar vertebra. The study thus revealed no significant difference between a cohort with longterm exposure and non-exposed controls with respect to viscoelastic properties of discs as determined by stadiometry, average water content of lumbar discs and trabecular bone density of L3. Key words

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Quantification of overload injuries to thoracolumbar vertebrae and discs in persons exposed to heavy physical exertions or vibration at the work-place

Cited by 17 publications

References 39 publications

Subject‐specific loads on the lumbar spine in detailed finite element models scaled geometrically and kinematic‐driven by radiography images

Subject‐specific loads on the lumbar spine in detailed finite element models scaled geometrically and kinematic‐driven by radiography images

Effect of aging and degeneration on disc volume and shape: A quantitative study in asymptomatic volunteers

Assessment of disc injury in subjects exposed to long-term whole-body vibration

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