Quantification of left ventricular volumes by two-dimensional echocardiography: a simplified and accurate approach.

Abstract

SUMMARY A new and simplified method to determine left ventricular (LV) volumes with two-dimensional echocardiography (2-D echo) was developed using the parasternal long-axis and apical four-and twochamber views. An end-diastolic area (EDA) was derived using the longest minor axis (Dmax) from either of the three views and the major long axis (Lmax) gle-plane LV angiography were performed within 24 hours of each other. Five patients were excluded, three because of poor-quality 2-D echoes and two because of poor-quality LV angiograms. Among the remaining 25 patients (17 males and eight females, mean age 54 years, range 29-77 years), 18 had coronary artery disease (CAD), 16 with regional dyssynergy and two with normal wall motion; two patients had aortic insufficiency, one patient had mitral regurgitation, one patient had congestive cardiomyopathy, and three patients had normal heart evaluations. Echocardiographic Measurement of VolumesWide-angle, 2-D echoes were recorded using a mechanical sector scanner (Advanced Technology Laboratories Mark V) or a phased-array sector scanner (Varian V-3400). All studies were videotaped on 3/4-inch Umatic videocasette recorders equipped with a back-spacer search module, which allows frame-byframe bidirectional playback. The video frame rate of the system is approximately 60 frames/sec.All patients were studied in the left lateral recumbent position using multiple views through the left parasternal and apical windows. Three views were selected for measurements: parasternal long-axis, apical four-chamber and apical two-chamber. Several minoraxis LV dimensions at the upper, middle and lower third of the LV cavity were measured at end-systole and end-diastole, as previously described8 ( fig. 1)

Inhibition of class I histone deacetylase activity represses matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression and preserves LV function postmyocardial infarction

“…Briefly, the parasternal long-axis view of the LV was recorded, together with a recording of the surface ECG. LV volumes were determined by planimetry of the LV endocardial border at end diastole (frame with R wave) and end systole (smallest LV area in the cardiac cycle) and application of a variant of Simpson's algorithm ("method of disks") (45,52). Mice were then euthanized for immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses.…”

Haemodynamic effects of atropine during halothane or isoflurane anaesthesia in infants and small children

“…13,,4 Volume was calculated from: Volume = 5/6 area x length [13][14][15][16] This formula assumes the ventricular configuration to be a hemispheric cylinder. This measurement correlates with a more sophisticated algorithm calculation (Simpson's Rule) used to measure two-dimensional left ventricular volumes and also with angiographically determined left ventricular volumes in various clinical situations including left ventricular overload.…”

“…This measurement correlates with a more sophisticated algorithm calculation (Simpson's Rule) used to measure two-dimensional left ventricular volumes and also with angiographically determined left ventricular volumes in various clinical situations including left ventricular overload. 16,17 The Doppler determined mean velocity of pulmonary artery blood flow and echocardiographically determined pulmonary artery diameter were used to calculate CO n'~3 using the formula: CO = mean pulmonary blood flow velocity • pulmonary artery area. cos 0 -t Data were analyzed using a t-test to compare the ages and weights of infants and small children and a multiple factor repeated measures design to assess differences among the cardiovascular measures recorded prior to induction of anaesthesia at 1.5 MAC, and following IV atropine in each patient.…”

Echocardiography-Guided Ethanol Septal Reduction for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

“…For both measurements, care was taken to avoid beats with foreshortening of the left ventricle. End-diastolic volume was calculated from the equation EDVϭ(3.42ϫDϫL)Ϫ6, which has been previously validated in our laboratory, 9 and the ejection fraction was derived with the multiple-diameter method. 10 Basal septal and posterior wall thicknesses were also measured from the parasternal views, and the left ventricular mass was calculated with the area-length method.…”