Quantification of lead using atomic absorption spectrometry in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

Rada‐Mendoza, Maite; Villamiel, Mar; Hoyos-Saavedra, Olga Lucía; Alvira, Leidy Fernanda

doi:10.15446/dyna.v85n207.72347

Cited by 8 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Quantities of Zn ranged from 1.13 to 2.14 mg/L. Literature reports for these same samples the detection of mercury 6.4 mg/L, 24 selenium 5.4 mg/L, 33 while arsenic, 32 Lead 34 and Cadmium 10 were not detected. These findings may be associated to the cultivation areas which are naturally rich in these toxic metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

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Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

Maite

Chito-Trujillo

Lucía

et al. 2021

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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The current trends in biodegradable food packaging include the use of materials such as biopolymers which should be free of toxic metals to ensure their quality and use in multiple applications. However, these samples can contain zinc given its presence in the materials used to make them. In this study, a method to determine the concentration of zinc (Zn) in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films samples based on Cassava and in their raw materials (flour, starch and fique) using flame-atomic absorption spectroscopy is described. Prior, an acid digestion with nitric acid under reflux was required. The method was standardized by means of the evaluation of statistical parameters. The method was sufficiently lineal ( R2 = 0.999) in a working range from 0.1 to 1.0 mg Zn/L with detection and quantification limits of 0.03 and 0.82 mg/L, respectively. The method was found to be precise and accurate, and could therefore be used to measure Zn content at levels well below safe limits.The precision of the method was evaluated using intermediate precision and repeatability which showed coefficients of variation less than 6.7% and 4.7%, respectively. The percentages of recovery ranged from 96.5% to 98.2%. The method was successfully applied for the determination of Zn in the studied biopolymers samples and the results obtained support the method’s suitability for determining the presence of the metal. Zinc concentrations in thermoformed, flexible films and flour were below 2.36, 2.14 and 2.01 mg/L, respectively, indicating that these polymers could be used for food containers.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…In previous studies, the presence of others metals such as mercury, arsenic, selenium, lead and cadmium in these samples was detected. 10,24,[32][33][34] Levels of mercury up to 67.2 mg/L, arsenic below 1.9 mg/L, selenium up to 62.0 mg/L, lead up to 3.2 mg/L and cadmium ranging from 21 mg/L to 89 mg/L were found.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

Maite

Chito-Trujillo

Lucía

et al. 2021

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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“…In these flexible films, mercury was reported to be undetectable to 127.3 mg/kg, 56 arsenic was undetected, 57 and selenium was reported to be undetectable to 122 mg/kg. 58 Other authors reported that selenium can decrease the Cd concentrations and increase the growth in vegetables. 59 In thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films, the values of heavy metals accumulated were higher for mercury than for selenium, Cd, and arsenic, suggesting that absorption and bioaccumulation depend upon the availability of metals.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other authors found mercury, arsenic, and selenium present in these thermoformed samples. Del Castillo et al 56 determined mercury ranging from undetectable to 1343.4 mg/ kg, Alvira et al 57 determined arsenic with concentrations of less than the LOQ (39.2 mg/kg), and Rada-Mendoza et al 58 found selenium ranging from undetectable to 1240.0 mg/kg.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic absorption spectrometry for the quantification of cadmium in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

Rada‐Mendoza

Herrera

Hoyos-Saavedra

et al. 2019

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

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A simple method for determining the presence of cadmium (Cd) in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films and flour and starch samples from cassava, using graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS), is proposed. The biopolymers used in contact with foods can contain Cd due to contamination from the origin of the material used to make them. The nitric: perchloric acid digestion with reflux was optimized, and the statistical quality parameters were standardized. The GF-AAS instrumental conditions and the graphite furnace heating program were adjusted through pyrolysis and atomization curves, and the optimal temperatures were 530 and 1750°C, respectively. In addition, under optimal conditions, the working range was from 0.1 µg/L to 1.0 µg/L, with limits of detection and quantification of 0.02 and 0.07 µg/L, respectively. The precision was evaluated using intermediate precision and repeatability of the method, which showed standard deviations of 1.6–4.8% and 2.1–4.8%, respectively. The percentage of recovery of Cd ranged from 96.2% to 97.3%. The results obtained support the suitability of the method for determining the presence of Cd in these samples. Cd concentrations in flexible films and starch were below the quantification limit. The other samples (thermoformed and flours) contained less than 1 mg/kg (maximum level set by the NTC 4096), indicating that these polymers meet this standard and therefore can be used for food containers and packaging for fresh fruits and vegetables.

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“…All samples were measured in triplicate, and the mean values were expressed as µgPb/Kg. (Rada-Mendoza et al, 2018) The wavelength used in the analysis was 283.3 nm. Lead has the energy of 7.0134.10-8 Joule.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Temperature and Time on the Migration of Lead Metal (Pb) Ions in Canned Orange Juice Drink Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Analysis

Roni¹,

Elfidiah²,

Pasongko³

et al. 2021

PTQ

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Background: Indonesia is a country that has a tropical climate throughout the year along with relatively less difference of temperature during both dry and rainy seasons. The mobile community influences people’s interest in packaged drinks, including canned fruit juice. However, the first obstacle is the condition of the place and the temperature-related heavy metal lead (Pb) migration in canned orange juice drinks. Methods: This study focused on the relationship between Pb metal content, storage treatment, storage temperature, and storage time. This study used a canned orange juice drink from the distributor warehouse of Palembang city, standard Pb(NO3)2 (Merck) powder, 0.5 mol/l concentrated HNO3 solutions (Merck), concentrated HCl solution (Merck), demineralized water, Buffer pH 4.7, and 10. The sample was conducted from 5 °C to 40 °C with the testing period within 1-30 days. The sample at certain day intervals would then be tested to change pH and Pb ion concentration using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) test. Results and Discussion: In this study, the sample of orange juice was given different treatments, and each treatment has a differentiated analysis code consisting of S-SBJ-1-1 (Distributor warehouse) for one day of storage time, and the codes for 10 of storage time are SSBJ-10-1 (Freezer, temperature 5 °C), S-SJB-10-2 (Refrigerator, temperature 20 °C), S-SJB-10-3 (Homeroom, temperature 28 °C), S-SJB-10-4 (Oven, temperature 40 °C), S-SJB-10-5 (Open space, temperature 22°C - 38 °C). Furthermore, codes for 30 days of sample storage are S-SBJ-30-1 (Freezer, temperature 5 °C), S-SJB-30-2 (Refrigerator, temperature 20 °C), S-SJB-30-3 (Room house, temperature 28 °C, S-SJB-30-4 (Oven, temperature 40°C), and S-SJB-30-5 (Open space, temperature 22 °C-38 °C). Conclusions: Temperature and time have a significant influence on the migration of the heavy metal lead (Pb) from the can to orange juice drinks, and, for the minimum pH value, there is a less significant change. Overall, canned fruit juice should be stored at a temperature below 28 °C, and the drink is protected from direct sunlight and high humidity.

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Quantification of lead using atomic absorption spectrometry in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

Determination of zinc in cassava based polymeric materials

Atomic absorption spectrometry for the quantification of cadmium in thermoformed and biodegradable flexible films made from cassava (Manihot esculenta crantz)

The Effect of Temperature and Time on the Migration of Lead Metal (Pb) Ions in Canned Orange Juice Drink Using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry Analysis

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