“…In this method, ferricyanide used in the earlier methodology (Warm and Laties 1982) was replaced by Co (II), which is a catalyst for the reaction of luminol with H 2 O 2 , what significantly increased the sensitivity of detection. The stock solution was prepared by mixing 10 ml of a 6.5mM solution of luminol in carbonate buffer pH 10.2 with 2 ml of 0.55μM CoCl 2 in the same buffer.…”
Section: Chemiluminometric Detection Of Hydrogen Peroxidementioning
Aims The aim of this study was investigation of the response of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii wild-type and its two rosR and pssA mutant strains impaired in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis to oxidative stress conditions caused by two prooxidants: a superoxide anion generator-menadione (MQ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Methods The levels of enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, pectinase and β-glucosidase) and nonenzymatic (superoxide anion generator, formaldehyde, phenolic compounds) biomarkers were monitored using biochemical methods in both the supernatants and rhizobial cells after treatment with 0.3mM MQ and 1.5mM H 2 O 2 . The viability of bacterial cells was estimated using fluorescent dyes and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, the effect of prooxidants on symbiosis of the R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains with clover was established. Results The tested stress factors significantly changed enzymatic patterns of the rhizobial strains, and the wildtype strain proved to be more resistant to these prooxidants than both pssA and rosR mutants. Significantly higher activities of both catalase and superoxide dismutase have been detected in these mutants in comparison to the wildtype strain. H 2 O 2 and MQ also increased the levels of pectinase and β-glucosidase activities in the tested strains. Moreover, pre-incubation of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains with the prooxidants negatively affected the viability of bacterial cells and the number of nodules elicited on clover plants. Conclusions EPS produced in large amounts by R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii plays a significant protective role as a barrier against oxidative stress factors and during symbiotic interactions with clover plants.
“…In this method, ferricyanide used in the earlier methodology (Warm and Laties 1982) was replaced by Co (II), which is a catalyst for the reaction of luminol with H 2 O 2 , what significantly increased the sensitivity of detection. The stock solution was prepared by mixing 10 ml of a 6.5mM solution of luminol in carbonate buffer pH 10.2 with 2 ml of 0.55μM CoCl 2 in the same buffer.…”
Section: Chemiluminometric Detection Of Hydrogen Peroxidementioning
Aims The aim of this study was investigation of the response of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii wild-type and its two rosR and pssA mutant strains impaired in exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis to oxidative stress conditions caused by two prooxidants: a superoxide anion generator-menadione (MQ) and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). Methods The levels of enzymatic (catalase, superoxide dismutase, pectinase and β-glucosidase) and nonenzymatic (superoxide anion generator, formaldehyde, phenolic compounds) biomarkers were monitored using biochemical methods in both the supernatants and rhizobial cells after treatment with 0.3mM MQ and 1.5mM H 2 O 2 . The viability of bacterial cells was estimated using fluorescent dyes and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In addition, the effect of prooxidants on symbiosis of the R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains with clover was established. Results The tested stress factors significantly changed enzymatic patterns of the rhizobial strains, and the wildtype strain proved to be more resistant to these prooxidants than both pssA and rosR mutants. Significantly higher activities of both catalase and superoxide dismutase have been detected in these mutants in comparison to the wildtype strain. H 2 O 2 and MQ also increased the levels of pectinase and β-glucosidase activities in the tested strains. Moreover, pre-incubation of R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii strains with the prooxidants negatively affected the viability of bacterial cells and the number of nodules elicited on clover plants. Conclusions EPS produced in large amounts by R. leguminosarum bv. trifolii plays a significant protective role as a barrier against oxidative stress factors and during symbiotic interactions with clover plants.
“…Catalase activity was measured in total protein extract (50mM potassiumphosphate buffer, pH 7.0) as a result of decrease in D at 240 nm (extinction coefficient E = 43.6 Ì -1 ñì -1 ) at an initial concentration of H 2 O 2 -10 mM. Stationary content of H 2 O 2 was evaluated in leaf extracts by standard method of luminol bioluminescence (Warm and Laties, 1982).…”
Section: Determination Of Tbars H 2 O 2 and Assay Of Enzyme Activitiesmentioning
The extent of damage caused to the photosynthetic machinery of 10-d-old wheat seedlings by short-term exposure to mild heat, their capacity to recover from it and the possible roles of H 2 O 2 , SOD, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase on the recovery process were investigated. Seedlings were subjected to heat treatments at 40/42/44 °C for 20 min in the dark and allowed to grow for 72 h in light of different irradiances (40-800 µE m -2 s -1 ) at 20 °C for recovery from heat induced damage. Complete or partial recovery of photosynthetic activities was observed in the seedlings treated at 40 °C and 42 °C, but not at 44 o C. Our data suggest that the balance between (pro)oxidant and antioxidant levels poised by heat stress subsequent light is the crucial factor for the extent of recovery from heat induced damage.
“…In addition, for H, O, analysis, separate extracts in 100 mM perchloric acid were used. Quantification of H, O, in both extracts was determined by chemiluminescence with luminol, as described by Warm and Laties (1982). Extracts (1 to 5 mL) were used for each measurement.…”
Section: Quantitative Analysis Of Hydrogen Peroxide Gsh and Oxidizementioning
Exposure of Arabidopsis plants that were maintained under low light (200 pmol of photons m-2 sec-I) to excess light (2000 pmol of photons m-2 sec-I) for 1 hr caused reversible photoinhibition of photosynthesis. Measurements of photosynthetic parameters and the use of electron transport inhibitors indicated that a nove1 signal transduction pathway was initiated at plastoquinone and regulated, at least in part, by the redox status of the plastoquinone pool. This signal, which preceded the photooxidative burst of hydrogen peroxide (H202) associated with photoinhibition of photosynthesis, resulted in a rapid increase (within 15 min) in mRNA levels of two cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes ( A f X 1 and APX2). Treatment of leaves with exogenous reduced glutathione abolished this signal, suggesting that glutathione or the redox status of the glutathione pool has a regulatory impact on this signaling pathway. During recovety from photooxidative stress, transcripts for cytosolic glutathione reductase (GOR2) increased, emphasizing the role of glutathione in this stress.
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