Photosynthetic electron transport regulates the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis during excess light stress.

Karpiński, Stanisław; Escobar, Carolina; Karpińska, Barbara; Creissen, Gary; Mullineaux, Philip M.

doi:10.1105/tpc.9.4.627

Cited by 517 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Both the concentration of the total glutathione pool and the ratio between reduced (GSH) and oxidized (GSSG) glutathione can influence the redox potential of the cell (Schafer and Buettner, 2001). Basal glutathione levels fluctuated between 158 and 280 nmol g 21 fresh weight during the course of the experiment, which is in accordance to previously published data (Karpinski et al, 1997;Mou et al, 2003). In addition, glutathione levels were influenced diurnally, showing a general increase during daylight conditions, followed by a decrease during nighttime (Fig.…”

Section: Sa-mediated Suppression Of Ja Signaling Coincides With a Celsupporting

confidence: 78%

Kinetics of Salicylate-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonate Signaling Reveal a Role for Redox Modulation

et al. 2008

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Cross talk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling pathways plays an important role in the regulation and fine tuning of induced defenses that are activated upon pathogen or insect attack. Pharmacological experiments revealed that transcription of JA-responsive marker genes, such as PDF1.2 and VSP2, is highly sensitive to suppression by SA. This antagonistic effect of SA on JA signaling was also observed when the JA pathway was biologically activated by necrotrophic pathogens or insect herbivores, and when the SA pathway was triggered by a biotrophic pathogen. Furthermore, all 18 Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) accessions tested displayed SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression, highlighting the potential significance of this phenomenon in induced plant defenses in nature. During plant-attacker interactions, the kinetics of SA and JA signaling are highly dynamic. Mimicking this dynamic response by applying SA and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) at different concentrations and time intervals revealed that PDF1.2 transcription is readily suppressed when the SA response was activated at or after the onset of the JA response, and that this SA-JA antagonism is long lasting. However, when SA was applied more than 30 h prior to the onset of the JA response, the suppressive effect of SA was completely absent. The window of opportunity of SA to suppress MeJA-induced PDF1.2 transcription coincided with a transient increase in glutathione levels. The glutathione biosynthesis inhibitor L-buthionine-sulfoximine strongly reduced PDF1.2 suppression by SA, suggesting that SA-mediated redox modulation plays an important role in the SA-mediated attenuation of the JA signaling pathway.

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Section: Sa-mediated Suppression Of Ja Signaling Coincides With a Celsupporting

confidence: 78%

Kinetics of Salicylate-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonate Signaling Reveal a Role for Redox Modulation

et al. 2008

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“…Therefore, one of the metabolic species of such systems may be involved in the repression of Lhc mRNAs levels as a signal. In fact, several lines of evidence indicate that the expression of some nuclear and plastid genes in plants are controlled by reactive oxygen and metabolic species that compose the defense system for oxidative stress (Karpinski et al, 1997;Bouvier et al, 1998;Karpinski et al, 1999). Furthermore, the expression of Lhcb1 is possibly regulated by chlorophyll synthesis precursors (Johanningmeier and Howell, 1984;Mochizuki et al, 2001), of which levels in chloroplasts may be affected by reactive oxygen species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-Intensity-Dependent Expression of Lhc Gene Family Encoding Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll-a/b Proteins of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

et al. 2002

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Excessive light conditions repressed the levels of mRNAs accumulation of multiple Lhc genes encoding light-harvesting chlorophyll-a/b (LHC) proteins of photosystem (PS)II in the unicellular green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The light intensity required for the repression tended to decrease with lowering temperature or CO 2 concentration. The responses of six LhcII genes encoding the major LHC (LHCII) proteins and two genes (Lhcb4 and Lhcb5) encoding the minor LHC proteins of PSII (CP29 and CP26) were similar. The results indicate that the expression of these Lhc genes is coordinately repressed when the energy input through the antenna systems exceeds the requirement for CO 2 assimilation. The Lhc mRNA level repressed under high-light conditions was partially recovered by adding the electron transport inhibitor 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea, suggesting that redox signaling via photosynthetic electron carriers is involved in the gene regulation. However, the mRNA level was still considerably lower under high-light than under low-light conditions even in the presence of 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea. Repression of the Lhc genes by high light was prominent even in the mutants deficient in the reaction center(s) of PSII or both PSI and PSII. The results indicate that two alternative processes are involved in the repression of Lhc genes under high-light conditions, one of which is independent of the photosynthetic reaction centers and electron transport events.Photosynthesis is regulated at various levels in response to fluctuating light intensity under various ambient temperature and nutrient conditions. The proper responses to the various environmental cues are necessary for photosynthetic plants to use light energy efficiently and to protect themselves from photoinhibitory damage caused by excessive irradiance (Aro et al., 1993;Long et al., 1994;Osmond, 1994). Excessive light energy absorbed by chlorophyll is dissipated by non-radiative processes (Crofts and Yerkes, 1994;Horton et al., 1996;Gilmore, 1997) and is properly distributed between two photosystems (PS) by state transition (Allen, 1995;Gal et al., 1997), whereas the energy input is regulated by changes in the size of the light-harvesting antenna systems to modulate the optical cross section.Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b (LHC)II proteins, which are major components of light-harvesting antennae of PSII in higher plants and green algae, typically change their abundance in response to the intensity of irradiance (Anderson et al., 1988(Anderson et al., , 1995. Under stress and intense light, enhanced amounts of reactive oxygen species will react with proteins and lipids, not only in chloroplasts but also in the cytosol, and will induce various types of photodamage. Therefore, the quality and quantity control of the LHC protein complex is required to avoid photodamage by alleviating excitation energy pressure. Although the LHC protein complex could be controlled by various mechanisms including pigment synthesis, the repression of the...

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“…There is growing evidence that in plants subjected to environmental stress, the balance between the production of activated oxygen species and the quenching activity of antioxidants is upset, which often results in oxidative damage Hendry et al, 1992 ;De Voss et al, 1992 ;Smirnoff, 1993 ;Wise, 1995 ;Karpinski et al, 1997). It has also been reported that plants with high levels of antioxidants, whether constitutive or induced, have a greater resistance to such oxidative damage Pastori & Trippi, 1992 ;Scandalios, 1993 ;Foyer et al, 1994 ;Rennenberg & Polle, 1994 ;McKersie et al, 1996 ;.…”

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confidence: 99%

Response of antioxidant systems and leaf water relations to NaCl stress in pea plants

et al. 1999

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A pea (Pisum sativum cv. Puget) cultivar was grown on a medium containing different NaCl concentrations (0-160 mol m −$ ) in order to study the effects of salt stress on leaf water relations and on the activity of antioxidant enzymes. NaCl stress caused a rapid decline in chlorophyll content. Both leaf water (ψ l ) and osmotic potentials (ψ s ) decreased progressively with the severity of the stress (from 90-160 mol m −$ NaCl) whereas leaf turgor pressure (ψ p ) increased in treated plants. Pea leaves contained an iron-containing superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) isozyme in chloroplasts alongside a copper-zinc-containing (CuZn-SOD) form (CuZn-SOD II). The lowest NaCl concentration (70 mol m −$ ) had no effect on the activity of these antioxidant enzymes while higher concentrations (110-130 mol m −$ ) enhanced the activity of cytosolic CuZn-SOD I and chloroplastic CuZn-SOD II as well as that of mitochondrial and\or peroxisomal manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD). These inductions were matched by increases in the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR). The increased activities coincided with decreased stomatal conductance and were unaffected by the severity of stress except in the case of CuZn-SOD II which fell to control values under the highest stress conditions (140-160 mol m −$ NaCl), when a concomitant increase in chloroplastic Fe-SOD activity was observed. Glutathione reductase (GR) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) activities were only induced under severe NaCl stress (130-160 mol m −$ ) and were accompanied by losses in the ascorbate and glutathione pools, lower ASC\DHA and GSH\GSSG ratios and increases in GSSG. Electron microscopy showed that the thylakoidal structure of the chloroplasts became disorganized and their starch content decreased in plants treated with 160 mol m −$ NaCl. Overall, the results suggest that salt stress is accompanied by oxidative stress, perhaps at the cell compartment level. The capacity of Puget cultivar to ensure cell turgor and to enhance the activity of enzymes involved in the defence against oxidative stress seems to be important in determining adaptation to moderate NaCl stress conditions. In plants exposed to severe NaCl stress (130-160 mol m −$ ) it seems that such resistance to oxidative stress is overcome, which might contribute to the deleterious effects of salt and significant growth reduction in these conditions.

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Photosynthetic electron transport regulates the expression of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase genes in Arabidopsis during excess light stress.

Cited by 517 publications

References 55 publications

Kinetics of Salicylate-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonate Signaling Reveal a Role for Redox Modulation

Kinetics of Salicylate-Mediated Suppression of Jasmonate Signaling Reveal a Role for Redox Modulation

Light-Intensity-Dependent Expression of Lhc Gene Family Encoding Light-Harvesting Chlorophyll-a/b Proteins of Photosystem II in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Response of antioxidant systems and leaf water relations to NaCl stress in pea plants

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