Quantification of hepatitis B vaccine-induced antibodies as a predictor of anti-HBs persistence

Gesemann, M.

doi:10.1016/0264-410x(94)00010-k

Cited by 76 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…22 We expect that the peak of anti-HBs antibody levels in investigated group was similar to others that we have measured, previously. 6,11,23 In a series of studies among healthy children and neonates who received a complete HB immunization program, 40%-95% of vaccinees had protective titer of anti-HBs antibody >5 years after the completion of the primary vaccination ( Table 4).…”

Section: 21supporting

confidence: 88%

The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

Bagheri-Jamebozorgi

Keshavarz

Nemati

et al. 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Hepatitis B (HB) vaccine induces protective levels of antibody response (anti-HBs 10 mIU/mL) in 90-99% of vaccinees. The levels of anti-HBs antibody decline after vaccination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the persistence of anti-HBs antibodies and immunologic memory in healthy adults at 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant HB vaccine. Blood samples were collected from 300 adults at 20 years after primary HB vaccination and their sera were tested for anti-HBs antibody by ELISA technique. A single booster dose of HB vaccine was administered to a total of 138 subjects, whose anti-HBs antibody titer was <10 mIU/mL. The sera of subjects were retested for the anti-HBs antibody levels at 4 weeks after booster vaccination. At 20 years after primary vaccination 37.0% of participants had protective levels of antibody with geometric mean titer (GMT) of 55.44 § 77.01 mIU/mL. After booster vaccination, 97.1% of vaccinees developed protective levels of antibody and the GMT rose from 2.35 § 6.49 mIU/mL to 176.28 § 161.78 mIU/mL. 125/138 (90.6%) of re-vaccinated subjects also showed an anamnestic response to booster vaccination. At 20 years after primary vaccination with HB vaccine, low proportion of the subjects had protective levels of antibody. However, the majority of the re-vaccinated subjects developed protective levels of anti-HBs and showed an anamnestic response after booster vaccination. Additional follow-up studies are necessary to determine the duration of immunological memory.

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Section: 21supporting

confidence: 88%

The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

Bagheri-Jamebozorgi

Keshavarz

Nemati

et al. 2014

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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“…[9][10][11] anti-HBs concentrations ≥ 10 miu/ml and booster response are widely used markers for protection against infection or disease. 12,44,54 therefore, the proposed prognostic model, which allows for adjustment for risk and protective factors for waning immunity, is likely to reflect the increasing risk for infection after vaccination in infancy by age. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Schönberger

Riedel²,

Rückinger³

et al. 2013

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal

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Background: the duration of protection after hepatitis B vaccination in early infancy is unclear and may be related to vaccination schedule, dosage, vaccine type and population characteristics. Factors potentially influencing waning immunity were assessed. Methods: a systematic review was performed. the main outcomes were prevalence of anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10 miu/ml after primary or booster vaccination. Factors potentially influencing protection were assessed in an adjusted random-effects meta-analysis model by age for both outcomes. results of both meta-analyses were combined in a prognostic model. Results: Forty-six studies reporting on the anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10 miu/ml 5 to 20 years after primary immunization and 29 on booster response were identified. the adjusted meta-analyses identified maternal carrier status (odds ratio [Or]: 2.37 [1.11; 5.08]), lower vaccine dosage than presently recommended (Or: 0.14 [0.06; 0.30]) and gap time between last and preceding dose of the primary vaccine series (Or: 0.44 [0.22; 0.86]) as determinants for persistence of anti-hepatits B antibodies ≥ 10. a lower vaccine dosage was also associated with failure to respond to booster (Or: 0.20 [0.10; 0.38]). the prognostic model predicted long-term protection of 90% [77%; 100%] at the age of 17 years for offspring of noncarrier mothers vaccinated with a presently recommended dose and vaccination schedule. Conclusions: Based on meta-analyses, predictors of waning immunity after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy could be identified. a prognostic model for long-term protection after hepatitis B vaccination in infancy was developed.Key Words: hepatitis B, infant vaccination, booster, long-term protection, determinants of protection (Pediatr Infect Dis J 2013;32: 307-313) A lthough hepatitis B vaccination is highly effective, vaccination failures leading to acute [1][2][3][4][5] and sometimes chronic infection [5][6][7][8] have been observed. although infections occurring within a short time interval after vaccination are likely to reflect primary vaccination failure 1,4 due to nonresponse, those occurring after decades are likely to reflect secondary vaccination failure due to waning immunity. anti-hepatits B antibodies [anti-HBs] ≥ 10 miu/ ml either after primary vaccination or as response to booster if the antibody concentrations have fallen below are widely accepted marker of protection after hepatitis B vaccination. 9-11 immunity against hepatitis B gives protection against infection and protection against disease. 12-14 Protection against infection is based on the presence of anti-HBs ≥ 10 miu/ml. after vaccination against hepatitis B, the proportion of individuals with anti-HBs ≥10 miu/ ml is highly dependent on the time elapsed since primary vaccination. individuals whose anti-HBs concentrations dropped below a level of 10 miu/ml are not protected any more against infection with hepatitis B virus. However, they are not at risk of hepatic disease as long as they have hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsag)-spe...

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“…Different mathematical models have recently been proposed to describe the rate of antibody decline, and best fits between the calculated and the observed anti-HBs levels were obtained with a bilogarithmic function (log 10 level and log 10 time since receipt of the booster) of anti-HBs decay (2,4,6,7,8,12). All previous studies show that the rate of antibody decay is independent of the vaccine type, protocol, gender, and age of the vaccine recipients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Follow-Up of Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Levels in Subjects Receiving Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy in an Area of Hyperendemicity: Correlation between Radioimmunoassay and Enzyme Immunoassay

Wang

Chang

et al. 2005

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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The aims of the present study were to determine (i) the long-term immunogenicity and the decay rate of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antibody (anti-HBs) from universal hepatitis B vaccination at infancy for a healthy population in an area of hyperendemicity and (ii) whether the anti-HBs levels measured by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were closely correlated with those assayed by radioimmunoassay (RIA) methods during long-term monitoring. A total of 1,337 apparently healthy children (696 boys and 641 girls) who were vaccinated against HBV at infancy and monitored for anti-HBs annually from 7 to 16 years of age entered the study. Serum samples were analyzed for anti-HBs by RIA at 7 to 15 years of age and were also analyzed by EIA at 13 to 16 years of age. Antibody titers were quantified in mIU/ml by EIA as well as by the ratio of the count in the sample to the count for a negative control (S/N) by RIA. In nonboosted children, the average decay of anti-HBs from 7 to 16 years of ages indicated that approximately 20% of the geometric mean titer decays per year. There was a good correlation between serum anti-HBs levels measured by the RIA and the EIA methods (r ‫؍‬ 0.91; P < 0.0001). An equation for RIA to EIA level conversion was established: log EIA titer ‫؍‬ ؊0.12 ؉ (1.31 · log RIA S/N). The anti-HBs titers measured by EIA correlate well with the S/N assayed by RIA. The annual decay rate of the log anti-HBs level may help in planning booster immunizations for hyporesponders or individuals at risk in adolescence.Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a global health problem, particularly in areas of endemicity. In Taiwan, before the implementation of hepatitis B control, up to 15% to 20% of the general population were chronic carriers of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and perinatal HBV transmission accounted for 40% to 50% of the carrier pool (1,15,16). Taiwan launched the world's first nationwide universal vaccination program in 1984, which resulted in a significant reduction in the chronic carrier rate in children from 10% to Ͻ1% over 15 years (13). The morbidity and mortality rates associated with the sequelae of chronic HBV infection also declined, as demonstrated by the reduction in the rates of childhood hepatocellular carcinoma (3). We previously reported on the adequate protection against HBV for up to 14 years following universal HBV vaccination in infancy in Taiwan (11). Yet, we also noted the waning immunity to the HBV vaccine and the possible need for a booster dose in the future. We therefore studied the decay rate of HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) with time.During our long-term follow-up study, the methods for antiHBs determination shifted from radioimmunoassay (RIA) to enzyme immunoassay (EIA) due to the trend of reductions in the use of radioisotopes. We found that HBV serologic markers measured by different laboratory methods evolving from RIA during the first 6 years of follow-up to EIA during the last 2 years of follow-up made the interpretation of long-term antiHBs persistence difficult. Becau...

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Quantification of hepatitis B vaccine-induced antibodies as a predictor of anti-HBs persistence

Cited by 76 publications

References 20 publications

The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

Determinants of Long-term Protection After Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy

Long-Term Follow-Up of Hepatitis B Surface Antibody Levels in Subjects Receiving Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Infancy in an Area of Hyperendemicity: Correlation between Radioimmunoassay and Enzyme Immunoassay

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