The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

Bagheri-Jamebozorgi, Masoomeh; Keshavarz, J; Nemati, Maryam; Mohammadi-Hossainabad, Saeed; Rezayati, Mohammad Taghi; Nejad-Ghaderi, Mohsen; Jamalizadeh, Ahmad; Shokri, Fazel; Jafarzadeh, Abdollah

doi:10.4161/hv.34393

Cited by 44 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition to the study limitations noted above, we recognize that we could not differentiate between acute and chronic HBV infection because we had HBsAg results from only one time point, although it is likely that the vast majority of persons who tested positive in population surveys have a chronic infection . Moreover, the absence of serologic evidence of vaccine‐mediated immunity may not mean lack of immunity, as some might have had prior vaccination with loss of anti‐HBs over time, and these persons may remain protected on exposure . Additionally, this study likely underestimates the true prevalence of HBV infection in the United States, as NHANES does not sample for several high‐risk populations such as the homeless and incarcerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born and U.S.‐Born Adults in the United States, 1999‐2016

Yeo

Cheung

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major global health problem, exacerbated by poor linkage to care. We aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV infection, exposure, self‐reported vaccination, vaccine‐induced immunity, disease awareness, and treatment in the United States by birthplace and race/ethnicity during 1999‐2016. A total of 47,628 adult participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who completed HBV core antibody (anti‐HBc) and surface antigen (HBsAg) tests and 47,618 adults who completed HBV surface antibody (anti‐HBs) and anti‐HBc tests were included in the analysis. HBV infection was defined by positive HBsAg and past exposure by positive anti‐HBc. Vaccine‐mediated immunity was defined by positive anti‐HBs and negative anti‐HBc. No significant change in the prevalence of HBV infection was observed between 1999 and 2016 (P = 0.442), affecting 0.35% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28‐0.45) or 0.84 million adults. In contrast, a significant decrease in HBV exposure and increase in vaccine‐mediated immunity was observed. U.S.‐born persons had significantly lower prevalence of HBV infection and exposure as well as higher prevalence of vaccine‐mediated immunity and self‐reported vaccination than foreign‐born persons. Prevalence of HBV infection was highest in non‐Hispanic Asians in both foreign‐ (3.85%; 95% CI, 2.97‐4.97) and U.S.‐born (0.79%; 95% CI, 0.17‐3.59) persons during 2011‐2016. Among infected persons, liver disease awareness was only 15.19%, and treatment rate was only 4.60%. Conclusion: This study revealed disparities of HBV infection among ethnic/racial groups and between U.S.‐born and foreign‐born persons. Awareness of liver disease and treatment rate among infected persons was dismal.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born and U.S.‐Born Adults in the United States, 1999‐2016

Yeo

Cheung

et al. 2019

Hepatology

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“…One more possibility is that the cohort of donors between 16 and 21 years of age with no HBV markers and who were born during HBV vaccination had lost their anti-HBs over the years following vaccination. A decline of anti-HBs with the progress of age among vaccinated individuals has been repeatedly reported [27][28][29]. Such individuals have been demonstrated to have immunological memory that developed after primary immunization [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Prevalence of serological markers and nucleic acid for blood-borne viral infections in blood donors in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

Almutairi

AlAhmari²,

Al-Zahran³

et al. 2016

J Infect Dev Ctries

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Introduction: Data on blood-borne viral infections in some regions in Saudi Arabia remain scarce. This study investigates the prevalence of serological markers and nucleic acid for blood-borne viruses among blood donors in Al-Baha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, 2,807 donors who donated blood between January 2009 and November 2011 were investigated for blood-borne viral serological markers including HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, and anti-HTLVI/III in addition to viral nucleic acid. Results: All donors were males between 16 to 66 years of age (mean: 31.5 ± 9.3 years). Viral nucleic acid and/or serological markers were detected in a total of 36 (1.3%) donors; of them, 26 (72.2%) had nucleic acid concomitant with serological markers, 6 (16.7%) had only viral nucleic acid, while 4 (11.1%) had only serological markers. Of all donors, 22 (0.8%) had HBsAg, 227 (8.0%) had anti-HBc, 157 (5.0%) had anti-HBs, 2,577 (91.8%) had no HBV markers, 2 (0.07%) had anti-HIV, 1 (0.04%) had anti-HCV, and 1 (0.04%) had anti-HTLVI/II. The donors who were born during HBV vaccination era showed no HBsAg (0.0%; p = 0.052), lower rates of anti-HBc (1.5%; p < 0.001) and antiHBs (0.7%; p < 0.001), while the majority had no HBV markers (98.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Combined viral nucleic acid and serological testing of donated blood enhances blood safety. The absence of HBV markers among donors suggests susceptibility or declined anti-HBs levels. Thus, HBV revaccination or a vaccine boost among adolescents and adults might be indispensable.

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“…Reported seroprevalence in adults for HBsAg and antiHBc is 0.21% and 3.3% respectively, 8 nevertheless, anti-HBV vaccination is important to reduce infection incidence and its subsequent clinical problems. [2][3]5 Anti-HBV vaccination schedules in Mexico have changed multiple times in the last 25 y since the vaccine first became available for health personnel. In 1992, a study evaluated seroconversion for a period of 6 months after a 3 dose anti-HBV vaccination scheme in healthcare workers from Mexico.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 Infant vaccination has proven effective even in countries with high HBV infection prevalence, 2,5 however it wasn't applied in Mexico when our medical students were born. The high prevalence of "vaccinated with single dose," "unvaccinated" and "unknown vaccination status" subjects in our study likely derives from the lack of early life HBV immunization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hepatitis B surface antibodies in medical students from a public university in Puebla, Mexico

Cárdenas-Perea

Gómez-Conde

Santos‐López

et al. 2016

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

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Although preventable with vaccination, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major health concern, with »400 million people at risk of developing the chronic form of the disease worldwide. The anti-HBV vaccine consists of a recombinant HBV surface antigen (HBsAg), which induces specific anti-HBs antibodies and confers 95% protection for >20 y. The aim of the present study was to analyze the response to HBV vaccination by measuring anti-HBs antibodies in serum samples from medical students of a public university in Puebla, Mexico. HBV infection markers HBsAg and anti-HBs, were also determined. A total of 201 students were included and vaccination coverage was found at 54%. Overall seropositivity for HBsAg, anti-HBc and anti-HBs determined by ELISA was 0.5%, 1.0% and 47%, respectively. Protective levels of anti-HBs >10 mIU/mL were found in 93.2% of subjects vaccinated with 2 or 3 doses and in 40% of those vaccinated with a single dose; while only 4.8% of unvaccinated subjects were anti-HBs positive. The response to the HBV vaccine was different in each participant, despite similar vaccination scheme. A history of blood transfusion/organ transplant or more than 2 sexual partners was significantly associated with anti-HBc positivity, OR D 399 (p D 0.010) and OR D 19.9 (p D 0.044), respectively. HBV immunization coverage was low in our sample compared with reports from countries with similar HBV prevalence, but anti-HBs in vaccinated individuals were in the expected range. It is important to promote HBV vaccination and awareness among medical students, due to their exposure risk.

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The persistence of anti-HBs antibody and anamnestic response 20 years after primary vaccination with recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at infancy

Cited by 44 publications

References 30 publications

Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born and U.S.‐Born Adults in the United States, 1999‐2016

Chronic Hepatitis B Prevalence Among Foreign‐Born and U.S.‐Born Adults in the United States, 1999‐2016

Prevalence of serological markers and nucleic acid for blood-borne viral infections in blood donors in Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia

Hepatitis B surface antibodies in medical students from a public university in Puebla, Mexico

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