Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid and Vanillin from Coffee Peel Extract and its Effect on α-Amylase Activity, Immunoregulation, Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress, and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression Levels in H2O2-Induced Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Background: Polyphenols and flavonoid-rich foods help in arresting reactive oxygen species development and protecting DNA from oxidative damage. Coffee peel (CP) preparations are consumed as beverages, and their total polyphenol or flavonoid content and their effect on oxidative stress–induced human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are poorly understood.Method: We prepared hot water extracts of CP (CPE) and quantified the amount of total polyphenol and flavonoid using HPLC analysis. In addition, CPE have been studied for their α-amylase inhibitory effect and beneficial effects in oxidative stress–induced hMSCs.Results: The obtained results show that the availability of chlorogenic acid, vanillin, and salicylic acid levels in CPE is more favorable for enhancing cell growth, nuclear integrity, and mitochondrial efficiency which is confirmed by propidium iodide staining and JC-1 staining. CPE treatment to hMSCs for 48 h reduced oxidative stress by decreasing mRNA expression levels of LPO and NOX-4 and in increasing antioxidant CYP1A, GSH, GSK-3β, and GPX mRNA expressions. Decreased pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, NF-κβ, IL-1β, TLR-4) and increased tumor suppressor genes (except Bcl-2) such as Cdkn2A, p53 expressions have been observed.Conclusions: The availability of CGA in CPs effectively reduced mitochondrial oxidative stress, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, and increased tumor suppressor genes.

Oroxin A reduces oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy and improves the developmental competence of porcine embryos in vitro

“…When the intracellular oxidative system exceeds antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species accumulate (ROS) and oxidative stress increases (Hardy et al, 2021). Oxidative stress can cause negative effects, such as protein denaturation (Ezraty et al, 2017), DNA damage (Khalil Alyahya et al, 2021), mitochondrial dysfunction (Petrozziello et al, 2021), cell autophagy (Huang et al, 2021), and inhibition of embryonic development. Therefore, screening for more effective antioxidants to reduce the negative effects of oxidative stress during embryonic IVC is necessary.…”

Reactive Oxygen Species in the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework: Toward Creation of Harmonized Consensus Key Events

“…Upon the occurrence of DSBs induced by ROS, histone H2AX nearby DSBs is phosphorylated, and phosphorylated H2AX ( γ -H2AX) induces DNA damage responses ( Ishida et al, 2014 ). Polyphenols and flavonoids protect DNA from ROS-induced oxidative damage ( Khalil Alyahya et al, 2021 ). DNA damage response networks including pathways leading to the formation of mutations and chromosomal aberrations are involved in cancer ( Tanabe et al, 2021 ).…”

Volatile Constituents in Essential Oil from Leaves of Withania adpressa Coss. Ex Exhibit Potent Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties against Clinically-Relevant Pathogens

“…Because of the formation of free radicals during photosynthesis, antioxidant agents, including pigments like carotenoids, have been found in nearly all plants [ 5 ]. Free radicals play a major part in the development of tissue damage in people as they age or suffer from illnesses such as cancer, malaria, neurological disorders, and arteriosclerosis [ 6 ].…”