QUANTIFICATION OF CATECHIN IN LEAVES AND STEMS OF MALAYSIAN Uncaria gambir (HUNTER) ROXB. BY HPLC-DAD

Abstract

Recently, we reported the isolation of a novel flavonoid named uncariechin along with epicatechin and epiafzelechin from the leaf extract of Uncaria longiflora variety pteropoda (Miq.) Ridsd. of the family Rubiaceae. Continuing our investigation on the Uncaria genus, the identification and quantification of its phytoconstituents was carried out. The species of particular interest is the Malaysian Uncaria gambir. This species is distributed mainly in Malaysia and Indonesia and has been cultivated for the flavonoid catechin in Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this study is to determine the quantity of catechin in hexane (Hx), dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) extracts in both stem and leaf parts of the plant via HPLC-DAD. Our findings indicate that catechin is present in higher amounts in the MeOH extract [8.64 % (leaves); 5.12 % (stems)] compared to the DCM extract [0.77 % (leaves); 0.92 % (stems)] with no catechin found in the hexane extract. This is the first report of the quantification of catechin from Malaysian U. gambir using HPLC-DAD. The method can be used for the quantification of flavonoids from other Uncaria and related genus and is useful for targeted isolation of interest flavonoids. Keywords: Uncaria gambir, catechin, flavonoid, HPLC-DAD AbstrakKami telah melaporkan pengasingan satu flavonoid novel iaitu unkariekin bersama-sama dengan epikatekin dan epiafzelekin daripada ekstrak daun Uncaria longiflora var. pteropoda (Miq.) Ridsd. yang tergolong dalam famili Rubiaceae. Lanjutan terhadap penyelidikan genus ini, pengenalpastian fitokonstituen serta kuantifikasinya telah dijalankan, khususnya terhadap species Uncaria gambir dari Malaysia. Spesies ini banyak dijumpai di Malaysia dan Indonesia dan telah ditanam di Indonesia untuk flavonoid katekin. Maka, objektif penyelidikan ini adalah penentuan kuantiti katekin dalam ekstrak heksana (Hx), diklorometana (DCM) dan metanol (MeOH) dari batang dan juga daun Uncaria gambir dengan menggunakan KCPT-PSD. Hasil penyelidikan mendapati bahawa katekin banyak dijumpai di dalam ekstrak metanol [8.64 % (daun); 5.12 % (batang)] berbanding di dalam ekstrak diklorometana [0.77 % (daun); 0.92 % (batang)] tetapi tidak dikesan dalam ekstrak heksana. Ini merupakan laporan pertama bagi kuantifikasi katekin daripada U. gambir tempatan melalui KCPT-PSD. Kaedah ini boleh digunakan untuk kuantifikasi flavonoid dari spesies Uncaria lain dan genus berkaitan, malah berguna untuk pengasingan flavonoid sasaran.

Effect of Addition of Gambir (Uncaria gambir) Leaf Extract to the Diets on Some Productive Traits and Meat Quality of Goats

“…Phytochemical content detected in gambir leaves were mostly catechin (50%), pyrocatechol (20-30%), gambirin (1-3%), red kateku 3-5 (3-5%), quercetin (2-4%), wax (1-2%), and alkaloids (2-5%) (Nurdin and Fitrimiwati, 2018). Ibrahim et al (2016) also reported that the main content of gambir was catechin. Catechin content of gambir was about 50.87-55.40% (Anggraini et al, 2019).…”

Preliminary in vitro cytotoxic evaluation of Uncaria gambier (Hunt) Roxb extract as a potential herbal-based pulpotomy medicament

“…The crude extract was dissolved in 1% DMSO at a concentration of 2000 µg/mL using the test tube shaker. Later, the mixture was ltered through a 0.2 µm syringe lter to obtain a puri ed Uncaria gambir extract [14]. Subsequently, the puri ed extract underwent a 2-fold serial dilution into 8 different concentrations ranging from 1000 µg/mL of the extract in 0.5% DMSO to 7.8 ug/mL of extract in 0.0039% DMSO.…”

Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb.) as A Potential Alternative Treatment for Hyperlipidemia

“…12 Catechin has been reported as the main bioactive compounds and has been used as metabolite biomarker to determine the quality of gambir. 13 A comprehensive study by Nonaka found a new bioflavonoid compound, gambiriin. Gambir also contains the yellow flavonoid quercetin, as well as gambirdin and isogambirdin.…”