Quantification of carious pathogens in the interdental microbiota of young caries-free adults

Abstract

BackgroundThe majority of caries lesions in adults occur on the proximal tooth surfaces of the posterior teeth. A comprehensive study of the composition of the oral microbiota is fundamental for a better understanding of the etiology of interdental caries.MethodsTwenty-five caries-free subjects (20–35 years old) were enrolled in the study. The interdental biofilm of four interdental sites were collected. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methodology were used to quantify (i) the following bacteria: Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Enterococcus faecalis; (ii) the fungus Candida albicans; and (iii) total bacteria.ResultsStreptococcus spp. was the most abundant species, followed by Lactobacillus spp. and Enterococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. and Lactobacillus spp. were detected at all tested sites and Enterococcus spp. at 99% of sites. S. mutans was detected at only 28% of the tested sites and C. albicans was detected at 11% of sites. E. faecalis was never detected. In 54.5% of the biofilm inhabited by C. albicans, S. mutans was present. Moreover, 28% of the ID sites co-expressed S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. The studied pathogens were organized into two correlated groups of species. Strikingly, the fungus C. albicans and the bacteria Enterococcus spp. cluster together, whereas Streptococcus spp., S. mutans and Lactobacillus spp. form one distinct cluster.ConclusionThe interdental biofilm of young caries-free adults is comprised of pathogens that are able to induce interproximal caries. That several of these pathogens are implicated in heart disease or other systemic diseases is an argument for the disruption of interdental biofilms using daily oral hygiene.

High-throughput DNA sequencing of microbiota at interproximal sites

“…Dental plaque was sampled from the interproximal region with sterile dental floss reaching the bottom of the groove, on mesial and distal sides between upper left first and second premolars (1.4 and 1.5 teeth) and repeated again in the same patients after 1 month [13]. Vestibular (buccal) and Lingual (palatine) samples were obtained with an autoclaved spoon excavator at tooth 1.4 [5].…”

“…Moreover, IPr caries lesions are hard to detect and X-ray images are normally necessary, except for those cases were the dissolution of hydroxyapatite matrices of enamel and dentine is so advanced that it can be visually diagnosed [12]. Although previous studies have looked for specific pathogens associated with IPr sites, the whole microbial community has not been studied to date [13].…”

The Biomechanical Properties of Suture Materials and Their Relationship to Bacterial Adherence

“…The determination of total bacterial load, quantification of streptococci, lactobacilli and enterococci was performed according to Burgeois et al [9]. The primers target highly conserved regions of the waaA (kdtA) and waaG (2) genes.…”

Eficácia do uso de lasers ou clorexidina na redução microbiana em lesões de cárie produzidas artificialmente

“…Qualquer mudança prolongada das condições ambientais pode resultar na ocorrência de doenças dentárias, tais como a cárie dentária (Amend et al, 2018). Além disso, a estrutura microbiana das colônias presentes na cavidade oral variam com a maturação da colônia e sua localização na superfície dentária, o que dificulta qualquer planejamento preventivo em relação à microbiota local (Bourgeois et al, 2017).…”

“…Streptococcus mutans como o principal agente causador na iniciação e desenvolvimento desta doença (Galvão et al, 2017;Amend et al, 2018;Bourgeois et al, 2017;Zhou et al;Sharma et al, 2018;Martins et al, 2018;Dias et al, 2018;Fumes et al, 2018a;Azizi et al, 2016).…”