Quantification of Armillaria rhizomorphs in Wisconsin aspen sucker stands

Stanosz, G. R.; Patton, R. F.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1991.tb00297.x

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…In managed Norway spruce stands in the Swiss Alps, Prospero et al (2003a) found that the rhizomorph network formed by A. cepistipes can be very dense, reaching up to 25 m/m 2 . Similarly, Stanosz and Patton (1991) evidenced an abundant presence of soil rhizomorphs around stumps in managed aspen (Populus spp.) stands in Wisconsin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…For example, when native forests are converted to exotic plantations, indigenous Armillaria species can cause considerable tree mortality (e.g., Armillaria root rot in Pinus radiata stands in New Zealand; Van der Pas 1981). The creation of fresh stumps through sylvicultural operations provides new food-bases for Armillaria species and stimulates the production of rhizomorphs in the soil (Stanosz and Patton 1991). Forest management may also modify the natural balance between different Armillaria species, sometimes resulting in pathogenic behavior by hitherto preferentially saptrotrophic species (Legrand et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

et al. 2011

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In this study, we investigated the diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin pure beech and mixed conifer forests (15,000 ha) of the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve in Ukraine. Armillaria rhizomorphs were systematically sampled, both from the soil and from the root collar of trees (epiphytic), on 79 plots (25×20 m) of a 1.5×1.5 km grid. In both forest massifs, rhizomorphs were present in the majority of the soil samples, with an estimated dry weight of 512 kg/ha in the pure beech forests and 223 kg/ha in the mixed conifer forests. Similarly, in both forest massifs, most of the trees inspected had rhizomorphs at the root collar. Species identification based on DNA analyses showed that all five annulated European Armillaria species occur in these virgin forests, as previously observed in managed forests in central Europe. However, differences in the frequencies of the single species were observed. The predominance of the preferentially saprotrophic A. cepistipes and A. gallica (84 and 15% of the specimens, respectively) and the absence of significant pathogenic activity suggest that in these virgin forests Armillaria species are most likely to behave as saprotrophs. Forest management may increase the frequency of the pathogenic species A. ostoyae, which is rare in virgin forests.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

et al. 2011

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“…This probably explains why liming increased food base colonization frequency only in plots with a low proportion of the BA in sugar maple. The 10-year delay between the establishment of plots and our study was long enough for the food bases to be colonized by Armillaria and for the buildup of the rhizomorph population in the soil (Pronos and Patton, 1977;Stanosz and Patton, 1991). Thus, the greater abundance of food bases in plots limed and/or dominated by sugar maples explains partially the greater frequency of rhizomorphs in the soil, and their increased ability to regenerate in laboratory conditions or to colonize maple stakes in situ in the forest floor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Impact of liming on the abundance and vigor of <i>Armillaria</i> rhizomorphs in Allegheny hardwoods stands

Marçais¹,

Wargo²

2000

Revue canadienne de recherche forestière

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Abundance of rhizomorphs of Armillaria was characterized in 1995-96 in 32 plots located in Acer saccharum (sugar maple) stands in the Susquehannock State Forest (Pennsylvania, USA). All of the plots were thinned and half of the plots were limed in 1985 when the plots were established. Frequency and abundance of Armillaria rhizomorphs in soil samples, on dead wood food bases, (stumps, snags, fallen logs) and on the root collar of living sugar maples were determined in each plot. Rhizomorph vigor was evaluated by measuring their ability to colonize fresh striped maple, Acer pennsylvanicum, stem sections in the soil, or potato tubers in the laboratory. Isolates of Armillaria were obtained from rhizomorphs in the soil samples and species were determined by somatic incompatibility tests. Armillaria calvescens was the major species present, representing about 66 percent of the isolates. Armillaria gemina and A. mellea were also identified in the plots. Frequency of rhizomorphs in the soil, on food bases, abundance of rhizomorphs on root collars, as well as the proportion of rhizomorphs per plot that regenerated and/or colonized fresh substrates were all correlated. However, abundance of ectotrophic rhizomorphs on the root collar was only weakly correlated with the other components of rhizomorph abundance and vigor. Frequency of the rhizomorphs as well as their ability to colonize fresh substrates were greater in plots either limed or with a high proportion of the basal area in sugar maple prior to thinning. By contrast, abundance of ectotrophic rhizomorphs on root collars was not affected by these factors.

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“…This was expected in the light of the abundant literature that shows that abundance of rhizomorphs in soil strongly increases the probability of colonization of nearby wood pieces and, in particular, stumps by Armillaria ( Pronos and Patton 1978; Twery et al. 1990; Stanosz and Patton 1991; Marçais and Wargo 2000). It would thus appear that the former stand history, and in particular the pattern of stump colonization at the final felling of the previous stand, were the main factors determining the spatial pattern of collar colonization by the A. gallica epiphytic rhizomorphs in that stand.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Spatial pattern of the density of Armillaria epiphytic rhizomorphs on tree collar in an oak stand

Marçais¹,

Caël²

2006

Forest Pathology

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The density of Armillaria gallica epiphytic rhizomorphs on tree collar was mapped in a young stand of pedunculate oaks (Quercus robur). A quick method to estimate the rhizomorph density was developed, investigating 19 trees, and was used in the subsequent study. The method consists of measuring the frequency of rhizomorphs present on a grid applied to an exposed small area of the tree collar. The pattern in tree collar rhizomorph density was closely related to the pattern of stump colonization by Armillaria and stumps were therefore important as inoculum sources. Rhizomorph density on tree collar showed a strong aggregated spatial pattern which could not be explained by variability in the soil characteristics, in particular waterlogging, or by a spatial pattern in tree vigour. Moreover, rhizomorph density on tree collar did not depend on their dominance status.

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Quantification of Armillaria rhizomorphs in Wisconsin aspen sucker stands

Cited by 8 publications

References 19 publications

Diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

Diversity and ecology of Armillaria species in virgin forests in the Ukrainian Carpathians

Impact of liming on the abundance and vigor of <i>Armillaria</i> rhizomorphs in Allegheny hardwoods stands

Spatial pattern of the density of Armillaria epiphytic rhizomorphs on tree collar in an oak stand

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