Gremmeniella abietina infects shoots of red and Scots pines through stomata on bracts th.it subtend short shoots. The gertn tulic penetrates between guard cells and sparsely colonizes bmct tissue by late summer or fall. Only after about late Januaiy or early Fcbruaiy of the following year does the fungus extend from the bract and begin eolonization of the short shoot and surrounding cortical tissue.~j
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