Quantification of Additional Asset Reinforcement Cost From 3-Phase Imbalance

Ma, Kang; Li, Ran; Li, Furong

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2015.2481078

Cited by 51 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Automatic phase swapping devices could be installed at these locations for more efficient and frequent responses. 4 The r-LAPB with s = 4 typically requires around 10 ∼ 12 hours to solve one instance.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the increasing variability coming from end users requires DSOs to revisit this old problem with modern techniques. Imbalanced three phases could lead to higher risks of equipment failures [1], increased delivery losses [2], potential relay malfunctioning [3], additional asset reinforcement costs [4], and issues related with voltage imbalances [5][6][7][8]. In particular, there is increasing need to develop solutions that can keep three phases balanced in the presence of high uncertainties from end users over a period of time (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Robust Look-ahead Three-phase Balancing of Uncertain Distribution Loads

Geng

Gupta

Xie

2019

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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Increasing penetration of highly variable components such as solar generation and electric vehicle charging loads pose significant challenges to keeping three-phase loads balanced in modern distribution systems. Failure to maintain balance across three phases would lead to asset deterioration and increasing delivery losses. Motivated by the real-world needs to automate and optimize the three-phase balancing decision making, this paper introduces a robust look-ahead optimization framework that pursues balanced phases in the presence of demand-side uncertainties. We show that look-ahead moving window optimization can reduce imbalances among phases at the cost of a limited number of phase swapping operations. Case studies quantify the improvements of the proposed methods compared with conventional deterministic phase balancing. Discussions on possible benefits of the proposed methods and extensions are presented.

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Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Look-ahead Three-phase Balancing of Uncertain Distribution Loads

Geng

Gupta

Xie

2019

Proceedings of the Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

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“…Phase unbalance wastes the capacity of LV feeders. For a feeder with unbalanced three phases, when the capacity of the heaviest phase is used up, the space capacity of the other two phases cannot be transferred to the heaviest phase, thus resulting in network investment being earlier than if the three phases were balanced [10]. Additional investment costs arise from such an unbalance-induced capacity waste.…”

Section: Consequences Of Phase Unbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even if the three phases of a distribution network were balanced when the network was initially constructed, phase unbalance appears and accumulates over K. Ma time with loads being added to and removed from each phase. Phase unbalance causes a number of consequences: 1) additional network investment costs because of the inefficient use of network assets [10], [11], [12]; 2) extra energy losses in the transformer, on the phases and neutral, and in the ground [12], [13], [14]; 3) nuisance tripping [15]; and 4) damages to induction motors [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Distribution Network Phase Unbalance: Scale, Causes, Consequences, Solutions, and Future Research Direction

Ma¹,

Fang²,

Kong³

2020

Preprint

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Phase unbalance is widespread in the distribution networks in the UK, continental Europe, US, China, and other countries. First, this paper reviews the mass scale of phase unbalance and its causes and consequences. Three challenges arise from phase rebalancing: the scalability, data scarcity, and adaptability (towards changing unbalance over time) challenges. Solutions to address the challenges are: 1) using retrofit-able, maintenance-free, automatic solutions to overcome the scalability challenge; 2) using data analytics to overcome the data-scarcity challenge; and 3) using phase balancers or other online phase rebalancing solutions to overcome the adaptability challenge. This paper categorizes existing phase rebalancing solutions into three classes: 1) load/lateral re-phasing; 2) using phase balancers; 3) controlling energy storage, electric vehicles, distributed generation, and micro-grids for phase rebalancing. Their advantages and limitations are analyzed and ways to overcome the limitations are recommended. Finally, this paper suggests future research topics: 1) long-term forecast of phase unbalance; 2) whole-system analysis of the unbalance-induced costs; 3) phase unbalance diagnosis for data-scarce LV networks; 4) technocommercial solutions to exploit the flexibility from large threephase customers for phase balancing; 5) the optimal placement of phase balancers; 6) the transition from single-phase customers to three-phase customers.

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“…Such an imbalance leads to: 1) neutral wire energy losses up to hundreds of millions of British pounds each year in the UK's distribution networks [2], [3]; and 2) additional network investment cost amounting to billions of British pounds each year [4], [5]. Major causes for this issue are uneven load allocations across the three phases and random load behaviors [6], [7], [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Additional Asset Reinforcement Cost From 3-Phase Imbalance

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Robust Look-ahead Three-phase Balancing of Uncertain Distribution Loads

Robust Look-ahead Three-phase Balancing of Uncertain Distribution Loads

Review of Distribution Network Phase Unbalance: Scale, Causes, Consequences, Solutions, and Future Research Direction

Three-Phase Power Imbalance Decomposition Into Systematic Imbalance and Random Imbalance

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