Quantification and interpretation of suspended-sediment discharge hysteresis patterns: How much data do we need?

Aich, Valentin; Zimmermann, Alexander; Elsenbeer, Helmut

doi:10.1016/j.catena.2014.06.020

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…Other studies have used index‐based approaches to assess solute (Butturini, Alvarez, Bernal, Vazquez, & Sabater, ; Lloyd, Freer, Johnes, & Collins, ; M. C. H. Vaughan, Bowden, et al, ) and particulate (Aich, Zimmermann, & Elsenbeer, ; Langlois, Johnson, & Mehuys, ; Lawler, Petts, Foster, & Harper, ; Sherriff et al, ) hysteresis during events. Various quantitative hysteresis indices (HIs) exist that variously compare the C‐Q regression relationships on the rising and falling hydrograph limbs (Langlois et al, ), the ratio of constituent concentrations on the rising and falling limbs (Lawler et al, ), and the size of hysteresis loops (Aich et al, ; Lloyd et al, ; M. C. H. Vaughan, Bowden, et al, ). The HI proposed by Lloyd et al () and modified by M. C. H. Vaughan, Bowden, et al () uses normalized discharge and concentrations to quantify differences on the rising and falling hydrograph limbs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales

Rose

Karwan

Godsey

2018

Hydrological Processes

138

195

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Concentration–discharge (C‐Q) relationships reflect material sources, storage, reaction, proximity, and transport in catchments. Differences in hydrologic pathways and connectivity influence observed C‐Q patterns at the catchment outlet. We examined solute and sediment C‐Q relationships at event and interannual timescales in a small mid‐Atlantic (USA) catchment. We found systematic differences in the C‐Q behaviour of geogenic/exogenous solutes (e.g., calcium and nitrate), biologically associated solutes (e.g., dissolved organic carbon), and particulate materials (e.g., total suspended solids). Negative log(C)–log(Q) regression slopes, indicating dilution, were common for geogenic solutes whereas positive slopes, indicating concentration increase, were common for biologically associated solutes. Biologically associated solutes often exhibited counterclockwise hysteresis during events whereas geogenic solutes exhibited clockwise hysteresis. Across event and interannual timescales, solute C‐Q patterns are linked to the spatial distribution of hydrologic sources and the timing and sequence of hydro‐biogeochemical source contributions to the stream. Groundwater is the primary source of stormflow during the earliest and latest stages of events, whereas precipitation and soil water become increasingly connected to the stream near peakflow. This sequence and timing of flowpath connectivity results in dilution and clockwise hysteresis for geogenic/exogenous solutes and concentration increase and counterclockwise hysteresis for biologically associated solutes. Particulate materials demonstrated positive C‐Q slopes over the long‐term and clockwise hysteresis during individual events. Drivers of particulate and solute C‐Q relationships differ, based on longitudinal and lateral expansion of active channels and changing shear stresses with increasing flows. Although important distinctions exist between the drivers of solute and sediment C‐Q relationships, overall solute and sediment C‐Q patterns at event and interannual timescales reflect consistent catchment hydro‐biogeochemical processes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales

Rose

Karwan

Godsey

2018

Hydrological Processes

138

195

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“…The patterns of suspended sediment concentration and water discharge result from complex interactions between the processes that determine discharge and sediment transport during an event (Fang et al 2015). Analysis of the hysteresis loops is helpful for the understanding of sediment transport processes (Aich et al 2014), but their interpretation is often complicated. In the last years, different studies have been conducted with the aim of understanding more about this phenomenon.…”

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confidence: 99%

Suspended sediment transport analysis in two Italian instrumented catchments

et al. 2016

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Suspended sediment transport in streams is an effective indicator of soil erosion at the watershed scale. This process was studied using the data obtained from two continuous monitoring stations installed in Italian watersheds, the Rio Cordon and Torrente Carapelle. The catchments have substantially different climatic, morphological and land use characteristics. The Rio Cordon, a small Alpine watershed, has been monitored since 1986, while in the Torrente Carapelle, a medium-size Mediterranean watershed, the monitoring station has provided data since 2007. Several flood events with suspended sediment transport were isolated in the two catchments, excluding those determined by snowmelt in the Rio Cordon as this process does not affect the Carapelle watershed. Analysis of the events showed different behavior in terms of hysteresis loop trends between water discharge (m3 s-1) and suspended sediment concentration (g l-1) values, as the Rio Cordon confirms clockwise relationships most frequently, while counter-clockwise trends represent the majority of cases for the Carapelle Torrent. The different behavior of the two watersheds was further analyzed by evaluating relationships between the main hydrological parameters related to suspended sediment transport. Runoff controls the total sediment budget in both catchments. In contrast, it was noted that the runoff process does not interfere in the magnitude of the suspended sediment transport in the Rio Cordon catchment, while variations due to the larger size of the catchment area characterize the events in the Carapelle watershed. Lastly, a flow peak threshold that determines the advance or delay of the hydrograph peak with respect to the sedigraph peak was established for the Carapelle Torrent, while it was not reported in the Rio Cordon

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“…However it is not without limitations. In a recent paper, Aich et al (2014) highlight that the index of Lawler et al (2006) in its current form becomes skewed at higher concentrations, with a smaller index calculated for loops of the same shape and area in the case of storms commencing at a higher concentration (Fig. 1a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical Note: Testing an improved index for analysing storm discharge–concentration hysteresis

Lloyd

Freer

Johnes

et al. 2016

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

119

141

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Abstract. Analysis of hydrochemical behaviour during storm events can provide new insights into the process controls on nutrient transport in catchments. The examination of storm behaviours using hysteresis analysis has increased in recent years, partly due to the increased availability of high temporal resolution data sets for discharge and water quality parameters. A number of these analyses involve the use of an index to describe the characteristics of a hysteresis loop in order to compare storm behaviours both within and between catchments. This technical note reviews the methods for calculation of the hysteresis index (HI) and explores a new more effective methodology. Each method is systematically tested and the impact of the chosen calculation on the results is examined. Recommendations are made regarding the most effective method of calculating a HI which can be used for comparing data between storms and between different water quality parameters and catchments.

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Quantification and interpretation of suspended-sediment discharge hysteresis patterns: How much data do we need?

Cited by 92 publications

References 32 publications

Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales

Concentration–discharge relationships describe solute and sediment mobilization, reaction, and transport at event and longer timescales

Suspended sediment transport analysis in two Italian instrumented catchments

Technical Note: Testing an improved index for analysing storm discharge–concentration hysteresis

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