“…The no-till system (NTS) emerged in Brazil as a management strategy to reduce soil erosion and has evolved over decades to become the conceptual basis of conservation agriculture (Casão Junior, Araújo, & Fuentes Llanilo, 2012;Freitas & Landers, 2014). The three pillars of NTS ( Figure 1) are based on crop diversity (Bolliger et al, 2006;Franchini, Crispino, Souza, Torres, & Hungria, 2007;Tormena, Araújo, Fidalski, Imhoff, & da Silva, 2008), minimizing soil disturbance (Bolliger et al, 2006;Karlen, Kovar, Cambardella, & Colvin, 2013) and keeping permanent soil cover (Bolliger et al, 2006), using conservation practices such as terracing (Bertol, Cogo, Schick, Gudagnin, & Amaral, 2007;de Miranda, Duarte, da Silva, de Jong van Lier, & Villa Nova, 2004) and adequate soil chemical management (Cardoso et al, 2013;Cherubin et al, 2015), as well as firm commitment from the farmers. Therefore, adoption of the three pillars of the NTS can improve and maintain soil quality in farmland, and can regenerate soil conditions in uncultivated land towards those of tropical native forest soil (Ralisch et al, 2008).…”