Quality prediction of resistance spot welding joints of 304 austenitic stainless steel

The effects of electrode force, welding current and welding time on the resistance spot weldability of pure titanium

“…In addition, it was also found that shielding gas atmosphere did not affect the hardness. Similar results were reported by Vural and Akkuş [18] and Martin et al [28] in their studies on different materials. Figure 9 shows the microstructure of the original CP Ti sheet.…”

“…[27] investigated the resistance spot welding of various other materials in their similar studies and they all reported that increasing welding current increased the weld nugget diameter and consequently tensile-shearing strength of the joints. On the other hand, Martin et al [28] and Chuko and Gould [29] reported increasing tensile-shearing strength with increasing welding time in resistance spot welding of various other materials. When the experimental results are analysed, it can be inferred that the parameters applied during the resistance spot welding were suitable.…”

Modelling and Pareto optimization of mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA7075/AA5083 butt joints using neural network and particle swarm algorithm

“…He showed that the calculated results and measured data were in good agreement. Martín et al [23] estimated the quality level of a resistance spot welding joint of 304 austenitic stainless steel from its tensile shear load bearing capacity, where the quality levels were set by ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Satapathy et al [24] used an artificial neural network to predict the wear rate of composites and compared the results with the theoretical values.…”

Combined Effect of Resistance Spot Welding and Post-Welding Sensitization on the Pitting Corrosion Behavior of AISI 304 Stainless Steel

“…42 The controlled parameters in the RSW procedure are welding time (t w ), welding current (c w ), and electrode force (f w ). The values of the welding parameters are fixed at t w = 0.20 s, c w = 5 kA, and f w = 1,500 N. [10][11][12]42 The heat generated by the RSW process induces microstructural changes that may affect the pitting corrosion behavior, 17 such as the formation of the WM and the HAZ. Since RSW is a fusion welding process, the welded joint contains a WM zone, also called weld nugget, which is a cast dendritic microstructure of austenite with δ-ferrite in interdendritic regions.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Although typically the metals joined by RSW are low-carbon steels, stainless steels are also resistance spot welded commercially. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] Pitting corrosion is a type of localized corrosion that is directly related to the thermal energy associated to the welding process 16 that, in austenitic stainless steels, gives rise to microstructural modifications and local variations of composition, which, in turn, may cause the formation of a less stable passive film. The heat-affected zone (HAZ) undergoes sensitization phenomenon when the temperatures from welding give rise to precipitation of chromium-rich phases [17][18] along critical zones such as grain boundaries (intergranular sensitization) and austenite/δ-ferrite interfaces, twins, and slip bands inside austenitic grains (transgranular sensitization); the chromium-depleted zones, adjacent to the chromium-rich zones, are more susceptible to localized attack.…”