Abstract:This article reviews the parameters that characterise the image quality of digital radiography and the available evaluation methods that are used to measure these parameters. The article also discusses the factors that affect each parameter of image quality. Digital imaging systems are the most commonly utilised technology in the field of radiology. Screen‐film radiography systems are almost replaced by digital radiography. The data acquisition and image processing principles of digital radiography differ from… Show more
“…This matter could be overcome by utilizing structure scintillators, like CsI: Tl consisting of discrete and parallel “needles” with 5-10 μ m wide [ 65 ]. In this case, the X-ray-excited luminescence only travels along with the fiber-like crystal to the photodiodes, which improves the spatial resolution, making unstructured scintillators superior to that achieved by the structured scintillators, as illustrated in Figure 4(c) [ 56 , 66 , 67 ].…”
X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.
“…This matter could be overcome by utilizing structure scintillators, like CsI: Tl consisting of discrete and parallel “needles” with 5-10 μ m wide [ 65 ]. In this case, the X-ray-excited luminescence only travels along with the fiber-like crystal to the photodiodes, which improves the spatial resolution, making unstructured scintillators superior to that achieved by the structured scintillators, as illustrated in Figure 4(c) [ 56 , 66 , 67 ].…”
X-ray imaging is a low-cost, powerful technology that has been extensively used in medical diagnosis and industrial nondestructive inspection. The ability of X-rays to penetrate through the body presents great advances for noninvasive imaging of its internal structure. In particular, the technological importance of X-ray imaging has led to the rapid development of high-performance X-ray detectors and the associated imaging applications. Here, we present an overview of the recent development of X-ray imaging-related technologies since the discovery of X-rays in the 1890s and discuss the fundamental mechanism of diverse X-ray imaging instruments, as well as their advantages and disadvantages on X-ray imaging performance. We also highlight various applications of advanced X-ray imaging in a diversity of fields. We further discuss future research directions and challenges in developing advanced next-generation materials that are crucial to the fabrication of flexible, low-dose, high-resolution X-ray imaging detectors.
“…Due to their wide dynamic range, the digital radiographs provide a good image quality even if the patient is overexposed. 29 Therefore, it is essential to optimize the imaging parameters considering both image quality and radiation dose. Image quality evaluation is a more complicated issue than the radiation dose assessments.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Although digital imaging systems provide several advantages, they have some drawbacks. Due to their wide dynamic range, the digital radiographs provide a good image quality even if the patient is overexposed 29 . Therefore, it is essential to optimize the imaging parameters considering both image quality and radiation dose.…”
The aim of this paper was to investigate the relationship between the physical and subjective (observer) image quality metrics in digital chest radiography. Methods: Five digital radiography systems, four with indirect flat panel detector and one with storage phosphor-based computed radiography system, were used in the study. The physical image quality assessments were carried out using effective detective quantum efficiency (eDQE) metric and subjective performance of the digital radiography systems was evaluated in terms of inverse image quality figure (IQF inv) derived from the contrast-detail (CD) diagrams using CDRAD 2.0 phantom and CDRAD phantom analyzer software. All measurements were performed for different tube voltages (70, 81, 90, 102, 110, and 125 kVp) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantom thicknesses. An anthropomorphic chest phantom and visual grading analysis (VGA) technique based on European image quality criteria for chest radiography were used for clinical image quality evaluation. Results: The Spearman correlation coefficients were calculated for the investigation of the correlation between physical image quality and clinical image quality. The results showed strong positive correlation between the physical and clinical image quality findings. The minimum correlation coefficient was 0.91 (p < 0.011) for IQF inv vs VGA scores and 0.92 (p < 0.009) for IeDQE vs VGA scores. Conclusions: Our results confirm that clinical image quality can be predicted with both physical assessments and contrast-detail detectability studies.
“…Digital image quality can be characterized by several parameters. Important among these are resolution, noise and artifact (8). Resolution describes the ability of the imaging system to separate features in the patient that are close to each other.…”
Digital radiography is widely seen to be forgiving of poor exposure technique and to provide consistent high quality diagnostic images. Optimal quality images are however not universal; sub-optimal images are encountered. Evaluators on hip dysplasia schemes encounter images from multiple practices produced on equipment from multiple manufacturers. For images submitted to the Danish Kennel Club for hip dysplasia screening, a range of quality is seen and the evaluators are of the impression that variations in image quality area associated with particular equipment. This study was undertaken to test the hypothesis that there is an association between image quality in digital radiography and the manufacturer of the detector equipment, and to demonstrate the applicability of visual grading analysis (VGA) for image quality evaluation in veterinary practice. Data from 16,360 digital images submitted to the Danish Kennel Club were used to generate the hypothesis that there is an association between detector manufacturer and image quality and to create groups for VGA. Image quality in a subset of 90 images randomly chosen from 6 manufacturers to represent high and low quality images, was characterized using VGA and the results used to test for an association between image quality and system manufacturer. The range of possible scores in the VGA was −2 to +2 (higher scores are better). The range of the VGA scores for the images in the low image quality group (n = 45) was −1.73 to +0.67, (median −1.2). Images in the high image quality group (n = 44) ranged from −1.52 to +0.53, (median −0.53). This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The study shows an association between VGA scores of image quality and detector manufacturer. Possible causes may be that imaging hardware and/or software are not equal in terms of quality, that the level of support sought and given differs between systems, or a combination of the two. Clinicians purchasing equipment should be mindful that image quality can differ across systems. VGA is practical for veterinarians to compare image quality between systems or within a system over time.
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