ABMMNC implantation could be a safe alternative to achieve therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with thromboangiitis obliterans and critical limb ischemia refractory to other treatment modalities.

In this study, measurements of dose-area product (DAP) and entrance dose were carried out simultaneously in a sample of 162 adult patients who underwent different interventional examinations. Effective doses for each measurement technique were estimated using the conversion factors that have been determined for specific X-ray views in a mathematical phantom. Exposure conditions used in clinical practice never match these theoretical models exactly, and deviations from the assumed standard conditions cause uncertainties in effective dose estimations. Higher effective dose values are found if the air kerma results are used rather than DAP readings, both for patient and Rando phantom studies. Comparison of DAP, fluoroscopy times and skin doses were made with published data. DAP measurement for the effective dose calculation and thermoluminescent dosimeter for the skin dose estimates are found to be the most reliable methods for patient dosimetry.

In sonographic examination, the presence of the main renal artery with a diameter smaller than usual in a kidney with normal dimensions is indicative of the presence of an accessory renal artery. Taking this into account, we can obtain higher rates of detection of accessory renal arteries in sonographic examinations.

Objective: Hypothyroidism is a metabolic condition that can lead to cognitive and behavioral deficits in children and adolescents. However, there is less evidence about subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) as a risk factor for neuropsychological disorders in childhood. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate cognitive functions like active/passive attention, maintaining attention, and response inhibition in pediatric patients with SH.Methods: Seventeen patients (between 7-17 years old) with SH were tested with the Stroop test, Verbal Fluency test and the sub-tests of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children-Revised (WISC-R). SH diagnosis was based on the mild increase of serum thyrotropin (TSH) level together with a normal serum free thyroxine level and an exaggerated TSH response to thyrotropin-releasing hormone. Results: Out of seventeen cases, 10 (59%) were girls and 7 (41%) were boys. Six cases were obese and 5 were overweight. The children in the SH group, as compared to the control group, obtained significantly lower scores on both the Digit Span subtest of the WISC-R and the Stroop subtests, which are sensitive to attention. No significant differences were found between the SH group and the healthy controls in verbal fluency and encoding tests. Conclusion: In this study, pediatric patients with SH showed poor performance in tests measuring attention. Therefore, we want to stress the importance of close collaboration between pediatric endocrinology and child and adolescent psychiatry departments. Conflict of interest:None declared.

An endovascular intervention is a feasible alternative to the technically challenging conventional surgery for the treatment of traumatic vertebral arterial lesions. This report describes a rare case involving a 22-year-old patient with a traumatic vertebral arterial pseudoaneurysm and multiple arteriovenous fistulas which were successfully sealed using the endovascular stent-graft technique.

High-flow priapism is caused by uncontrolled arterial inflow into the penis, often from direct arterial trauma. We report a case of arterial or high-flow priapism that was treated with a combination of selective transcatheter autologous clot embolization and duplex sonography-guided compression therapy. Sonography showed a pulsatile, anechoic area at the base of the penis inside the left corpus cavernosum after blunt perineal trauma, and color Doppler examination revealed an arteriosinusoidal fistula. Autologous clot embolization was only partially successful, and 3 sessions of ultrasound-guided compression therapy were necessary to achieve complete thrombus formation in the fistulous tract, which became isoechoic a day after compression therapy.

MSCs were more effective than MNC in obtaining neuronal recovery. Substantial but incomplete functional improvement was associated with donor type in vivo imaging signals more frequently than the number of neuronal cells expressing donor markers in spinal cord sections in vitro. Our results are in favor of functional recovery arising from both donor MSC and MNCs, contributing to direct neuronal regeneration and additional indirect mechanisms.

Interventional radiologists should measure patient doses for their examinations. If there is a lack of necessary instrumentation for this purpose, then published dose reports should be used in order to predict the dose levels from some of the exposure parameters. Patient dose information should include not only the measured quantity but also the measured radiation output of the X-ray unit and exposure parameters used during radiographic and fluoroscopic exposures.