Quality of the Wind Wave Forecast in the Black Sea Including Storm Wave Analysis

Myslenkov, Stanislav; Zelenko, A. A.; Resnyanskii, Yuriy; Архипкин, В. С.; Silvestrova, Ksenia

doi:10.3390/su132313099

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(42 reference statements)

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“…WAVEWATCH III model is widely used for wind wave simulation in the Black Sea [e.g. [50][51][52][53]. Implementation of the wave model used in this study has shown the root mean square error RMSE = 0.25 − 0.35 m and correlation coefficient R = 0.85 − 0.9.…”

Section: Wind and Wave Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The Utrish buoy data of this study can be regarded as a specific case because of very short distances from the coast. Attempts to assess the quality of wave models [25][26][27][28] with this data showed a deficiency of the models and the necessity of special tuning of both wind and wave blocks for the near-shore conditions. Wave modeling in inner water bodies also faces these problems [29,30].…”

Section: Of 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Rybalko¹,

Myslenkov²,

Badulin³

2023

Preprint

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Wave buoy measurements were carried out near the north-eastern Black Sea coast at the natural reserve Utrish in 2020-2021. Totally about 11 months of data records were collected during two stages of the experiment at 600 and 1500 meters offshore and depths of 18 and 42 meters. The measured waves propagate almost exclusively from the seaward directions. Generally, the waves do not follow the local wind directions, thus, implying a mixed sea state. Nevertheless, dependencies of dimensionless wave heights on periods based on the wind speed scaling appear to be close to previously established empirical laws for the wind-driven seas. The results of the wave turbulence theory are applied for estimates of spectral energy fluxes and their correspondence to the energy flux from the turbulent wind pulsations. These estimates are consistent with today’s understanding of wind-wave interaction. It is shown that the main fraction of the wind energy flux goes to the direct Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascade to high wave frequencies and then to dissipation in small scales. Less than 1% of the wind energy flux is directed to low frequency band (the so-called inverse Kolmogorov-Zakharov cascade), thus, providing wave energy growth.

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Section: Wind and Wave Reanalysis Datamentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Of 26mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Rybalko¹,

Myslenkov²,

Badulin³

2023

Preprint

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“…MERRA-2 is frequently used to assess the wind resources [20,21] being estimated and in some cases could indicate much higher wind conditions compared to in situ observations [22]. For the Black Sea area, this dataset was previously used to only evaluate the performances of some wave models on a large scale [23], but it was never used to assess the wind conditions from a meteorological/renewable perspective. A direct analysis with the in situ measurements will be performed by considering two datasets, covering 4 (denoted with MERRA4) or 24 (MERRA24) values per day.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wind Energy Assessments in the Northern Romanian Coastal Environment Based on 20 Years of Data Coming from Different Sources

2022

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Based on the fact that the wind speed tends to increase as we go from onshore to offshore, the aim of this work is to perform an analysis of a Romanian coastal sector located near the Danube Delta. Over the course of 20 years (2001–2020), in situ observations and reanalysis data (ERA5 and MERRA-2) of the local wind conditions were evaluated from a meteorological and renewable point of view. This evaluation includes two onshore sites (Galati and Tulcea), one site located near the shoreline (Sulina) and also two offshore sites defined at 64 and 126 km from the coastline. From the comparison with in situ measurements, it was found that ERA5 shows a better agreement with the onshore sites, while for the Sulina site the MERRA-2 is more accurate. Additionally, it was highlighted that by using only four values per day of reanalysis data (00:06:12:18 UTC), the average wind speed is similar with the one from the hourly data. As for a wind turbine performance (hub height of 100 m), in the case of the onshore sites the downtime period is much higher during the night (up to 63%) compared to only 23% indicated by the offshore ones during the entire day.

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“…Moreover, a well-designed unstructured mesh has the same accuracy as a regular nested mesh, but it is more efficient, therefore reducing the computational time [20]. Taking advantage of the unstructured mesh, many regional wave forecasting systems have been developed, such as those for the east coast of India [22], the western Mediterranean Sea [21], and the Black Sea [23]. A high-resolution unstructured SWAN model has been implemented for the CRE recently [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward a High-Resolution Wave Forecasting System for the Changjiang River Estuary

Jiang

Rong

et al. 2023

Remote Sensing

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Based on a high-resolution unstructured SWAN model and GFS forecast wind, an operational wave forecasting system is conducted for the Changjiang River Estuary (CRE). The performance of the wave forecasting system is evaluated by comparing it with the altimeter observations and in situ wave buoys. The present operational system shows good accuracy in reproducing the seasonal and the synoptic-scale wave characteristics over the CRE. The forecasting capability in three different horizons, including 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h forecasts, is evaluated. Waves over the CRE exhibit distinct seasonal variability. Larger waves occur in both the summer and winter when typhoons and cold weather events affect the CRE. In contrast, waves with longer wave periods take place mainly in the wind transition seasons, i.e., the spring and fall, and the wave directions are more dispersed in these seasons. A seasonal varied forecasting capability is also revealed: better in the winter and spring than in the summer and fall and better during cold weather events than during typhoons. A cross comparison with the model analysis suggests that there is a systematic difference between wave measurements by Jason-3 and Sentinel-3A/3B. The significant wave height from Jason-3 compares best with the model analysis and forecasts and is systematically lower than Sentinel-3A/3B in lower wave conditions (<4 m) in the East China Sea. Substantial discrepancies exist among the three altimeters when the significant wave height exceeds 4 m, and further efforts are needed to discern their merits.

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Quality of the Wind Wave Forecast in the Black Sea Including Storm Wave Analysis

Cited by 11 publications

References 27 publications

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Wave Buoy Measurements at Short Fetches in the Black Sea Nearshore: Mixed Sea and Energy Fluxes

Wind Energy Assessments in the Northern Romanian Coastal Environment Based on 20 Years of Data Coming from Different Sources

Toward a High-Resolution Wave Forecasting System for the Changjiang River Estuary

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