2017
DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7761
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Quality of Life, Overall Survival, and Costs of Cancer Drugs Approved Based on Surrogate Endpoints

Abstract: The lack of evidence of a clinically meaningful benefit for many cancer drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) through expedited pathways raises questions about whether physicians and patients can make informed treatment decisions. 1 Kim and Prasad 2 reported that for 18 of the 36 cancer drugs that were approved by the FDA from 2008 to 2012 on the basis of a surrogate endpointtypically, tumor shrinkage or progression-free survivalpostmarket studies did not indicate any overall survival (OS… Show more

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Cited by 67 publications
(44 citation statements)
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“…However, relatively few trials make a meaningful contribution to patient care, often as a result of the way that the trial outcomes are chosen, collected and reported. For example, authors of a recent analysis of cancer drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported a lack of clinically meaningful benefit in many post-marketing studies, owing to the use of surrogates, which undermines the ability of physicians and patients to make informed treatment decisions [1]. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…However, relatively few trials make a meaningful contribution to patient care, often as a result of the way that the trial outcomes are chosen, collected and reported. For example, authors of a recent analysis of cancer drugs approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reported a lack of clinically meaningful benefit in many post-marketing studies, owing to the use of surrogates, which undermines the ability of physicians and patients to make informed treatment decisions [1]. …”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The 18 drugs approved that failed to demonstrate a benefit in OS were examined to see if they improved QoL. Only 1 (5%) demonstrated improved QoL, 6 made no statistical difference, 2 were associated with worse QoL, 4 with mixed results and 5 had no evidence concerning QoL [25]. This meant that 47% (17/36) of the drugs approved on the basis of surrogate outcomes, which are now routinely used in the clinic, have no clear benefit in either OS or QoL.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Ejemplos de estas variables subrogadas cuestionadas son la caminata de seis minutos para la hipertensión arterial pulmonar (32) y muchos de los desenlaces habituales en los estudios de fármacos oncológicos (35) . Los estudios poscomercialización, que requieren las agencias reguladoras para completar esta información, se demoran más de lo estipulado y a menudo no aportan la esperada información sobre desenlaces clínicamente relevantes (24,25,36,37,38,39,40) .…”
Section: Discussionunclassified
“…Se consideró que una NEM tiene eficacia demostrada en cuatro situaciones: 1) cuando al menos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado muestra eficacia para la indicación autorizada por la ANMAT; 2) en las combinaciones de fármacos, si al menos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado muestra eficacia de los componentes individuales coadministrados y se demuestra la bioequivalencia de la combinación; 3) para nuevas formulaciones de un fármaco, cuando hay eficacia demostrada por ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de la formulación previa y se demuestra bioequivalencia de la nueva presentación; y 4) "medicamentos de eficacia obvia", definidos como aquellos que, sin tener ensayos clínicos aleatorizados de eficacia, se consideran de alto valor intrínseco por sus beneficios inmediatos y obvios en estudios no controlados (20) . Se consignó también si la eficacia se había demostrado para variables clínicamente relevantes, para variables subrogadas validadas -aquellas para las que hay fuerte evidencia de que su modificación predice un beneficio clínico específico-o solamente para otras variables subrogadas (21,22,23,24,25) .…”
Section: Métodosunclassified