Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

Choy, Siu-Ming; Cheng, Eva; Wilkinson, Robert A.; Burnett, Ian; Austin, Michael W.

doi:10.1109/access.2021.3049798

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The HMD is known to be effective in experiencing the virtual environment [4]. It also shows a better score in terms of immersion compared to other projection devices [5]. Even with the advantages, the HMD can cause motion sickness resulting from the difference between reality and cognition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Platform

Lee

Byun

Lee³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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The virtual reality (VR) industry has tried to enhance VR immersion, a perception of being physically present in a non-physical environment. Sound, simulators, and surrounding environments can be synergistically augmented together to enhance immersion in VR. In this paper, we first integrate an immersive virtual platform that builds on a moving vehicle simulator in an immersive virtual environment. The simulator is integrated to have efficient localization with inexpensive sensors and to produce the loosely synchronous motion according to dynamically changing VR simulations and contents. The virtual environment called an immersive room is designed to provide 360-degree videos experience and deliver VR contents without a head-mounted display (HMD). In addition, we investigate the quality of experience (QoE) via a comparative survey study between the proposed immersive virtual platform and the conventional VR using an HMD in terms of immersion and motion sickness. Through the human-subject study with the newly designed questionnaire, we confirm that the general QoE is improved in terms of immersion and motion sickness by using the proposed immersive virtual platform. To verify which factors in the loosely synchronous motion are effective in improving QoE, the components of the motion control are ablated to show their individual effects. We provide the statistical analysis to support our hypotheses that for the proposed VR platform, participants with the loosely synchronous motion are more immersed and less likely to feel motion sickness than those without the synchronous motion in both the immersive room and VR with HMD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integration and Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Platform

Lee

Byun

Lee³

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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“…In recent years, Computer Vision has been involved in several, heterogeneous tasks which include rehabilitation [1][2][3][4][5], virtual/augmented reality [6][7][8][9][10], deception detection [11][12][13][14], robotics [15][16][17][18][19], and much more. Focusing on the latter, one of the most prominent applications involves the usage of drones (hereinafter, UAVs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MS-Faster R-CNN: Multi-Stream Backbone for Improved Faster R-CNN Object Detection and Aerial Tracking from UAV Images

et al. 2021

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Tracking objects across multiple video frames is a challenging task due to several difficult issues such as occlusions, background clutter, lighting as well as object and camera view-point variations, which directly affect the object detection. These aspects are even more emphasized when analyzing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) based images, where the vehicle movement can also impact the image quality. A common strategy employed to address these issues is to analyze the input images at different scales to obtain as much information as possible to correctly detect and track the objects across video sequences. Following this rationale, in this paper, we introduce a simple yet effective novel multi-stream (MS) architecture, where different kernel sizes are applied to each stream to simulate a multi-scale image analysis. The proposed architecture is then used as backbone for the well-known Faster-R-CNN pipeline, defining a MS-Faster R-CNN object detector that consistently detects objects in video sequences. Subsequently, this detector is jointly used with the Simple Online and Real-time Tracking with a Deep Association Metric (Deep SORT) algorithm to achieve real-time tracking capabilities on UAV images. To assess the presented architecture, extensive experiments were performed on the UMCD, UAVDT, UAV20L, and UAV123 datasets. The presented pipeline achieved state-of-the-art performance, confirming that the proposed multi-stream method can correctly emulate the robust multi-scale image analysis paradigm.

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“…Immersion comprises relating engagement in the user experience, taking into account the environment in which it is inserted. Immersion can be a complex concept, with multiple definitions, encompassing notions of usability ( Baek et al, 2019 ), emotional response ( Manetta and Blade, 1995 ), quality of experience (QoE) ( Choy et al, 2021 ), fun in games ( Jennett et al, 2008 ), flow ( Csikszentmihalyi, 1991 ), among others. These last authors, Jennett et al (2008) , indicate that immersion should contain the following characteristics: lack of awareness of time, loss of awareness of the real world, involvement and sense of being in the task environment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This technology incorporates Stereoscopic 3D (S3D), which has seen great recent growth, as in the Facebook Oculus ( Egliston and Carter, 2020 ), Oculus Rift and HTC VIVE ( Borrego et al, 2018 ) equipment. Despite enabling great user immersion, it can also generate great visual fatigue and visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) ( Choy et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is, therefore, a barrier between understanding the results extracted from the EEG signal and applying exergames or virtual games in general ( Coenen et al, 2020 ). In general, there are proposals for the perception of 3D content using a widescreen and HMD to achieve better visual attention ( Clemente et al, 2014 ; Choy et al, 2021 ). However, standardizations of the design requirements of subjective methodologies in this sense remain uncertain, so that scientific results are better explored and have better quality in their conduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Attention Detection in Virtual Environments Using EEG Signals: A Scoping Review

Souza

Naves

2021

Front. Physiol.

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The competitive demand for attention is present in our daily lives, and the identification of neural processes in the EEG signals associated with the demand for specific attention can be useful to the individual’s interactions in virtual environments. Since EEG-based devices can be portable, non-invasive, and present high temporal resolution technology for recording neural signal, the interpretations of virtual systems user’s attention, fatigue and cognitive load based on parameters extracted from the EEG signal are relevant for several purposes, such as games, rehabilitation, and therapies. However, despite the large amount of studies on this subject, different methodological forms are highlighted and suggested in this work, relating virtual environments, demand of attention, workload and fatigue applications. In our summarization, we discuss controversies, current research gaps and future directions together with the background and final sections.

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Quality of Experience Comparison of Stereoscopic 3D Videos in Different Projection Devices: Flat Screen, Panoramic Screen and Virtual Reality Headset

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Integration and Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Platform

Integration and Evaluation of an Immersive Virtual Platform

MS-Faster R-CNN: Multi-Stream Backbone for Improved Faster R-CNN Object Detection and Aerial Tracking from UAV Images

Attention Detection in Virtual Environments Using EEG Signals: A Scoping Review

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