Quality of donkey mammary secretion during the first ten days of lactation

Martini, Mina; Licitra, Rosario; Altomonte, Iolanda; Salari, Federica

doi:10.1016/j.idairyj.2020.104781

Cited by 11 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In addition, calcium showed minimum values at the beginning of lactation (phase I), which has also been reported in previous studies on the first days of lactation in donkeys [23]. Calcium showed a maximum value in the III phase of lactation and significantly decreased thereafter.…”

Section: Parameter Mean ± Sd Parameter Mean ± Sdsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As previously reported for donkey milk [23], the magnesium content of colostrum during the first 6 h after foaling was 2-3 times greater than that observed in the subsequent lactation period. Colostrum contributed to the higher concentration of magnesium and potassium in the first phase of lactation.…”

Section: Parameter Mean ± Sd Parameter Mean ± Sdsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Among all the SFAs ( Table 1 ), palmitic acid (C16:0) was the most represented (22.24 g 100 g −1 of fat), which is very similar to donkeys (22.5 g 100 g −1 of fat) [ 23 , 24 ] and horses (22.74 g 100 g −1 of fat) [ 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Report on a Milking Mule: Milk Qualitative Characteristics during Lactation

Martini,

Degl’Innocenti,

Altomonte

et al. 2024

Animals

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Despite their inability to reproduce naturally, mules can host embryos and be surrogate dams. The aim of this investigation was to increase our knowledge of the qualitative composition of mule’s milk and its variations throughout the whole lactation period—namely, from 6 h after foaling to 180 days in milk (DIM). Milk was obtained from a mule dam that had foaled after receiving a mule embryo transfer. For each sample, the gross, mineral, and fatty acid composition was evaluated. The average quality of the mule milk was as follows: protein 1.97 g 100 mL−1, fat 0.90 g 100 mL−1, and ash 0.39 g 100 mL−1. Saturated fatty acids made up, on average, 50.00 g 100 g−1 of fat. Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids made up half of the total fatty acid content (31.80 g 100 g−1 and 18.2 g 100 g−1 of fat, respectively). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the main polyunsaturated fatty acids in the milk. The milk composition changed throughout lactation. Dry matter, protein, fat, and ash decreased significantly from early lactation (6 h to 14 DIM). The n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased at the end of lactation. The changes in milk composition throughout lactation are probably due to adaptations to the growth requirements of the foal.

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Section: Parameter Mean ± Sd Parameter Mean ± Sdsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Parameter Mean ± Sd Parameter Mean ± Sdsupporting

confidence: 83%

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Report on a Milking Mule: Milk Qualitative Characteristics during Lactation

Martini,

Degl’Innocenti,

Altomonte

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The absence of differences between groups in weight and milk intake parameters is possibly explained by the low concentration of protein and fat in both asinine milk and skimmed cow milk. The average protein level of asinine milk is 1.5% to 1.8%, and the concentration of fat is 0.2% to 1.8%, similar to human milk (75,105,106).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Asinine milk mitigates stress-mediated immune, cortisol and behavioral responses of piglets to weaning: A study to foster future interventions in humans

et al. 2023

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IntroductionThe present study assessed whether asinine milk supplementation improved the immune and behavioral responses of piglets during an early life weaning stress event as a model for its future use in humans.MethodsFor this, 48 piglets from 4 different litters were used. At 20 days of age, piglets were weighed and allocated with their litter and dam into group pens until 28 days of age. Four piglets from each litter were then randomly assigned to either (1) asinine milk supplementation (n = 16) (2), skimmed cow milk supplementation (n = 16) or (3) no supplementation (n = 16; control group). The supplementations were voluntarily administered for 3 days preweaning and 3 days postweaning using a baby bottle. The effects on the weaning stress response were assessed through salivary cortisol measurements; behavioral tests such as the open field, novel object end elevated plus maze tests; and gene expression of HSD11B1, NR3C1 and IL1B in PBMCs, which was determined by RT−qPCR and normalized to GAPDH and UBB. To test the effect of the supplementations on weight, milk intake, gene expression, and behavior, a randomized block design was used with repeated measurements over time by the PROC MIXED procedure.Results and discussionThe effects on salivary cortisol were determined using the ratio between the morning and afternoon concentrations, considering the time before and after the weaning event. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher’s test were performed to evaluate the behavior test data. When comparing salivary cortisol concentrations between the pre- and postweaning periods, there was a difference (p < 0.05) between the supplementation groups in the afternoon period, suggesting that piglets fed asinine milk had lower afternoon cortisol concentrations postweaning than their counterparts. For the behavioral tests, the supplementations had no measurable effects. No difference was between groups pre- and postweaning for the expression of HSD11B2, which codes for an enzyme that breaks down cortisol. However, the expression of NR3C1, which encodes the glucocorticoid receptor, was significantly upregulated in piglets supplemented with cow milk (mean 1.245; p < 0.05).ConclusionAsinine milk downregulated 1L1B gene expression, which codes for an inflammatory cytokine. In conclusion, these results suggest that supplementation with asinine milk may represent a strategy to diminish the damage associated with an early life event by modulating IL1B expression and reducing salivary cortisol levels in piglets undergoing weaning stress. Further transcriptomic and metabolomic studies may improve our understanding of the molecular pathways that mediate this systemic immune-mediated response.

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“…Donkeys possess physiological and anatomical characteristics that result in milk production that differs from that of other species, especially in terms of milk supply (D'ALESSANDRO; MARIANO;MARTEMUCCI, 2015;VINCENZETTI et al, 2017b). In this species, there are two peaks in the kinetics of milk ejection: cisternal (25-15%) and alveolar (75-85%), resulting in a production which is essentially alveolar, meaning it is synthesized in the lactation cells that surround the mammary alveoli (ALESSANDRO; MARTEMUCCI, 2009;MARTINI et al, 2020).…”

Section: Background and Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

>b<Asinine milk>/b<: animal health and welfare

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Inicialmente agradeço imensamente a Deus, a Jesus e ao Espírito Santo, por todo amor e bondade, força, sustento e proteção. Que enche-me de luz, paz, fraternidade e sabedoria. E, que, com sua infinita bondade, permite-me errar, aprender e consertar os erros até o fim da minha existência.Aos animais e à natureza, por permitir-me sempre aprender, crescer e evoluir como pesquisadora e como ser.Aos meus pais, Antônio e Rosilda, por terem-me dado a vida e por todo o amor, carinho, exemplo, privações, educação e ensinamentos. Por serem meu porto seguro, minhas melhores lembranças e exemplos, meus maiores amores... meus lindos velhinhos, sem vocês não seria nada. Muito obrigada por me nortearem no início dessa caminhada e por apenas me pedirem para ser descente como mulher e humano... e para fazer o bem. Amo-os imensamente.Aos meus irmãos, Tedo, Ea e Guda e aos meus sobrinhos e cunhados, pela fraternidade, amor e compreensão. Agradeço em especial a Tedo, por todos ensinamentos e amor, foi querendo seguir seus passos que comecei a fazer pesquisa.A todos da minha família, peço desculpas... sei que, devido a minha dedicação à pesquisa, por muitas vezes, estive ausente, mas amo-os e levo-os no meu coração por qualquer lugar onde vou. A todos outros familiares, que sempre tiverem uma palavra de amor, consolo e carinho.À meu orientador e quase pai, Professor Dr. Adroaldo José Zanella, pela orientação, apoio, paciência e confiança depositada em mim durante todos estes anos. Nunca esquecerei do dia que em vez do senhor me dar bronca por ter que repetir uma placa, o senhor foi consolo e me ensinou que errar é humano e não existe nada errado nisso. Muitos conhecem o Dr. Zanella, poucos conhecem o pai bondoso e humilde, que pega na mão e protege. Professor, sou e serei eternamente grata ao senhor por tudo que aprendi e cresci sendo sou orientada. Estendo meu agradecimento e carinho a toda família Zanella, em especial a Márcia, que é um ser humana especial e maravilhoso, que me trata como filha. Vocês são uns presentes de Deus.A minha querida coorientadora que tanto me ensina e me inspira, mesmo que estejamos distante. Professora Chiara, a senhora foi um achado e sou muito grata a Deus por tê-la encontrado e pôr a senhora ter aceitado ser minha coorientadora. Aos pós-graduandos do Cecsbe, em especial aos grandes amigos e seres humanos Arthurzinho, Lê, Mari, Lau, Gu e Mariana, pela ajuda mental e psicológica, comprometimento, profissionalismo, suporte e ajuda que me ofereceram desde o começo. Vocês mais que meros amigos de laboratório, são minha família. Amo muito todos vocês. A todos os membros da FORÇA TAREFA NACIONAL PELOS ASININIS, em especial a Mariana e ao Steffan, por todo o auxílio dado no início do doutorado. A equipe leite de asinino, Ana, Lucas e Vini, por todo ajuda com a parte experimental e dedicação antes, durante e depois do experimento. Vocês são os melhores ICs que alguém pode ter. Foi maravilhoso trabalhar com vocês e sou muito grata por todo o apoio. Agradeço também a todos os outros estagiários do laboratório, p...

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Quality of donkey mammary secretion during the first ten days of lactation

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Report on a Milking Mule: Milk Qualitative Characteristics during Lactation

Report on a Milking Mule: Milk Qualitative Characteristics during Lactation

Asinine milk mitigates stress-mediated immune, cortisol and behavioral responses of piglets to weaning: A study to foster future interventions in humans

>b<Asinine milk>/b<: animal health and welfare

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