Quality of canine semen submitted to single or fractionated glycerol addition during the freezing process

Molecular dynamics simulations of microstructure and mixing dynamics of cryoprotective solvents in water and in the presence of a lipid membrane

“…It is also interesting to note that the solvent clustering in aqueous solution is found to be strongly sensitive to temperature changes. Lowering the temperature has been shown to enhance the greater molecular heterogeneity in binary mixtures, so that structural parameters, sizes and distributions of labile solvent Biophysical Chemistry 136 (2008) [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] aggregates are changed [18,19]. These temperature changes are often accompanied by an increase of solution viscosity.…”

Identification of ultrastructural and functional damages in sperm from six-banded armadillos (Euphractus sexcinctus) due to cryopreservation

“…Although most semen cryopreservation protocols developed for mammals consider glycerol as a standard cryoprotectant (Watson 2000, Silva et al 2003, its toxicity can promote osmotic changes that can affect the fluidity and the functional properties of plasma membranes during cooling, freezing and thawing (Holt 2000). This may be one of the reasons for the high incidence of post thawing non-viable sperm found for armadillo semen.…”

Comparison between different dilution rates on canine semen freezing using Tris-buffer with the addition of egg-yolk and glycerol

“…Moreover, due to philogenetic similarities between the domestic and nondomestic canids, the former are used as an experimental model for the latter, mainly because of the lack of availability of nondomestic canids for use in experiments (Goodrowe et al, 1998;Silva et al, 2004). For this reason, scientific research has been carried out in an attempt to improve different protocols for this procedure by using different cryoprotective agents (Soares et al, 2002;Silva et al, 2003), extenders (Bueno et al, 2001;Cardoso et al, 2003), freezing/thawing processes, and several dilution rates (England, 1993).…”

“…The absence of this step on the methodology renders it more practical, reducing the time and the costs involved in canine semen freezing. Thus, some authors have been using dilutions consisting of one part semen to: one part extender Silva et al, 2003), two parts extender (Silva and Verstegen, 1995), three parts extender (Yildiz et al, 2000) and four parts extender (England and Ponzio, 1996).…”