Quality in Qualitative Studies: The Case of Validity, Reliability and   Generalizability

Ali, Asmadi; Yusof, Hamidah

doi:10.22164/isea.v5i1.59

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…Reliability in a qualitative study is achieved by explaining the methodological framework and analytical constructs (35). In the context of this study, several steps were taken to ensure reliability: an embedded design was chosen; separate IDIs guides was developed for trained physicians and policy makers/implementers; participants were purposively selected, that is those who are expected to play a key role in implementation (trained physicians and district- and provincial-level stakeholders); interviews were conducted in respondents language of choice (three out of eight stakeholders’ interviews were conducted in English, while the remaining were conducted in Urdu).…”

Section: Reliability Transferability and Dependabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into implementation of facility-based integrated management of childhood illness strategy in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan

Pradhan

Rizvi

Sami³

et al. 2013

Global Health Action

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BackgroundIntegrated management of childhood illnesses (IMCI) strategy has been proven to improve health outcomes in children under 5 years of age. Pakistan, despite being in the late implementation phase of the strategy, continues to report high under-five mortality due to pneumonia, diarrhea, measles, and malnutrition – the main targets of the strategy.ObjectiveThe study determines the factors influencing IMCI implementation at public-sector primary health care (PHC) facilities in Matiari district, Sindh, Pakistan.DesignAn exploratory qualitative study with an embedded quantitative strand was conducted. The qualitative part included 16 in-depth interviews (IDIs) with stakeholders which included planners and policy makers at a provincial level (n=5), implementers and managers at a district level (n=3), and IMCI-trained physicians posted at PHC facilities (n=8). Quantitative part included PHC facility survey (n=16) utilizing WHO health facility assessment tool to assess availability of IMCI essential drugs, supplies, and equipments. Qualitative content analysis was used to interpret the textual information, whereas descriptive frequencies were calculated for health facility survey data.ResultsThe major factors reported to enhance IMCI implementation were knowledge and perception about the strategy and need for separate clinic for children aged under 5 years as potential support factors. The latter can facilitate in strategy implementation through allocated workforce and required equipments and supplies. Constraint factors mainly included lack of clear understanding of the strategy, poor planning for IMCI implementation, ambiguity in defined roles and responsibilities among stakeholders, and insufficient essential supplies and drugs at PHC centers. The latter was further substantiated through health facilities’ survey findings, which indicated that none of the facilities had 100% stock of essential supplies and drugs. Only one out of all 16 surveyed facilities had 75% of the total supplies, while 4 out of 16 facilities had 56% of the required IMCI drug stock. The mean availability of supplies ranged from 36.6 to 66%, while the mean availability of drugs ranged from 45.8 to 56.7%.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the Matiari district has sound implementation potential; however, bottlenecks at health care facility and at health care management level have badly constrained the implementation process. An interdependency exists among the constraining factors, such as lack of sound planning resulting in unclear understanding of the strategy; leading to ambiguous roles and responsibilities among stakeholders which manifest as inadequate availability of supplies and drugs at PHC facilities. Addressing these barriers is likely to have a cumulative effect on facilitating IMCI implementation. On the basis of these findings, we recommend that the provincial Ministry of Health (MoH) and provincial Maternal Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) program jointly assess the situation and streamline IMCI implementation in the distric...

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Section: Reliability Transferability and Dependabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Insight into implementation of facility-based integrated management of childhood illness strategy in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan

Pradhan

Rizvi

Sami³

et al. 2013

Global Health Action

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…As credibility checks, we used triangulation (interviews combined with observational data), prolonged contact, and sought saturation in responses. 23,24 All data collected were stored on a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Acteprotected server and analyzed using Atlas.ti 8…”

Section: Data Management Measures and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and to assess validity, was then reviewed by the other authors (D.E.A., T.E.K.). 23,24 Disagreements were resolved by consensus.…”

Section: Q12mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of naloxone furnishing community pharmacies in San Francisco

Nguyen¹,

Kearney²,

Apollonio³

2020

Journal of the American Pharmacists Association

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Objectives: In 2017, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported Q7 more than 47,600 deaths as a result of opioid overdose in the United States. In an effort to reduce these deaths, California passed legislation providing pharmacists with the ability to furnish naloxone without a prescription. Our study examined pharmacies in San Francisco that furnished naloxone and provided guidance for pharmacies seeking to develop similar programs. The study aims were to (1) identify the legal, structural, social-environmental, and financial components of a pharmacy model that allows for successful naloxone distribution, (2) evaluate the attitudes and beliefs of pharmacy staff members toward patients receiving or requesting naloxone, and (3) assess relationships between these attitudes and beliefs and naloxone furnishing at the pharmacy. Design and setting: This cross-sectional study used a series of semistructured interviews of pharmacy staff in San Francisco conducted April-October 2019. Through a thematic, inductive analysis of collected data, emerging themes were mapped to the primary study aims. Participants, outcomes, and results: We interviewed 14 pharmacists and pharmacy technicians at 4 community pharmacies. We identified 4 factors for success in implementing a naloxone furnishing protocol: administrative-led efforts, pharmacist-led efforts, increasing pharmacist engagement, and increasing patient engagement. The respondents also discussed the approaches they used to overcome previously identified barriers: cost, time, expectations of unwanted clientele, and patients' feelings of stigma. Conclusion: Pharmacists' approaches to implementing naloxone furnishing had common features across locations, suggesting many of these strategies could be replicated in other community pharmacies.

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“…Generally, the criteria used in determining the quality of any research include reliability, validity and generalizability (Ali & Yusof, 2011). Reliability of a research measure/instrument is an indication of whether it measures anything at all.…”

Section: Reliability and Validity In Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Methods: Issues and Research Direction

Osuagwu¹

2020

BMR

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This paper proposes a research plan to investigate the research methods issues (i.e. research design, sampling methods, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, measurement scales, and reliability/validity tests, among others) used in business students’ thesis/dissertation works in institutions of higher learning. Specifically, the proposed research aims to help in understanding the dominant research methods used by thesis/dissertation research students in the field of business management in institutions of higher learning, shed light on possible relevant research methodology issues in business management education and proffer managerial and theoretical recommendations that will assist research methodology in business disciplines in institutions of higher learning. Among other things, the proposed investigation is expected to help in assessing the quality and relevance of business research works in higher institutions; assist in repositioning business education curricula to align with academic, regulatory and industry expectations; improve the quality and relevance of research works undertaken in business schools in institutions of higher learning; and stimulate research in cognate areas.

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Quality in Qualitative Studies: The Case of Validity, Reliability and Generalizability

Cited by 53 publications

References 69 publications

Insight into implementation of facility-based integrated management of childhood illness strategy in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan

Insight into implementation of facility-based integrated management of childhood illness strategy in a rural district of Sindh, Pakistan

Evaluation of naloxone furnishing community pharmacies in San Francisco

Research Methods: Issues and Research Direction

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