Quality-aware millimeter-wave device-to-device multi-hop routing for 5G cellular networks

Abstract

Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) transmission is a promising method for increasing capacity in next-generation cellular systems. However, since mm-wave signals are too weak to (i) do long-distance communication and (ii) survive in non-lineof-sight situations, multi-hop relaying is required. We thus study in this paper a multi-hop routing protocol at mm-wave (38 GHz and 28 GHz) frequencies. Due to the great and steadily increasing importance of video streaming in cellular applications, we pay special attention to the maximization of video transmission quality, which makes the optimization problem different from the usual sum-rate maximization. Specifically, we develop a protocol that optimizes the "sum quality" of the transmission of different video streams, subject to constraints (minimum quality) of separate streams. We take the unique properties of mm-waves (sparse angular power spectrum, leading to low interference) into account in our method. Extensive simulation results show the superiority of our approach compared to max-min flow routing which is widely used in QoS-sensitive applications.

Network Formation Game for Multi-Hop Wearable Communications over Millimeter Wave Frequencies

“…However, mmW is also highly sensitive to blockage from common objects, such as a wall and a human body, which will effectively lead to a serious signal attenuation. Several recent works [3]- [5] have proposed the use of multi-hop transmissions to improve the communication reliability over mmW in presence of the obstacles.…”

“…The authors in [4] propose a multi-hop selection metric, as well as a concurrent transmission scheme, to exploit the data rate of a mmW-based WPAN. The work in [5] studies a centralized multi-hop routing approach that maximizes the amount of traffic that circulates over the multi-hop links in a mmWbased cellular network. However, these existing works [3]- [5] either focus on individual mmW links without providing a comprehensive analysis from a system level, or do not properly capture the unique characteristics of mmW communications, such as the sensitivity to blockage or their short transmission range.…”

Multihop Relaying in Millimeter Wave Networks: A Proportionally Fair Cooperative Network Formation Game

“…Also based on this relay selection mechanism, a scheduling algorithm is presented for the case when multiple sourcedestination pairs are present. In [8] a centralized algorithm for multihop relaying routing that takes into account the characteristics of the millimeter wave transmissions is presented. In particular, the presence of multiple source-destination pairs, where each source is interested in video streaming to its destination is assumed.…”

Distributed and reliable decision-making for cloud-enabled mobile service platforms

“…Thus, an AU which has shorter buffer backlog should be chosen with higher probability. Finally, the associated MUs in an AU share medium, that is, the rate by equation (9) should be fairly shared by all associated MUs. Therefore, the number of associated MUs in each AU i (i.e.…”

“…6 Furthermore, access links between AUs and MUs generally use 28 or 38 GHz channels which have been studied for the 5G cellular network architectures. [7][8][9] For reliable operations in this cloud-assisted SNS platform, two distributed decisionmaking algorithms are proposed in this article: (1) decision-making for fair connection in each MU and (2) decision-making for dynamic buffering in each AU. In this article, the definition of reliability is used as an equivalent to buffer stability, mainly because a system would become unstable if it starts to lose information by queue overflow.…”