Quality-aware GSM speech watermarking

Abstract

Abstract-Use of watermarking techniques to provide authentication and tamper proofing of speech in mobile environment is becoming important. However, the current efforts do not allow for user-specifiable quality for the watermarked speech. This paper proposes a watermarking algorithm that allows user-customizable quality for watermarked GSM (Global System for Mobile) speech. Sensitivity (in terms of quality degradation) of each GSM coefficient bits against bit watermark embedding was investigated first, which is then used to select the coefficient bits in a secure manner for watermarking. The proposed algorithm's execution time requirement was studied to draw conclusions on the real-time usability of the algorithm. The embedding capacity and the quality awareness of the algorithm were also investigated.

A novel speech watermarking algorithm by line spectrum pair modification

“…The extracted watermark bit ŵ can be recovered by (4). These embedding and extracting processes use low complex mathematical operation functions, thus reduces the computation time of the watermarking algorithm.…”

“…What's more, the parameters, such as line spectrum pair (LSP) coefficients, are shown to be robust against common signal processing operations. Christabel et al [4] investigate the sensitivity of each global system for mobile (GSM) coefficient bits against bit watermark embedding firstly, and then bit manipulations are employed to embed watermark into the suitable and random GSM coefficient bits. The algorithm is time efficient and the transparency-robustness-capacity tradeoff is user-customizable.…”