Qualitative timber structure assessment with passive IR thermography. Case study of sources of common errors

Martínez, I.; Martínez, E.

doi:10.1016/j.cscm.2021.e00789

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In summary, IRT can be applied to assess the condition of materials such as wood, masonry, stone, and concrete, aiding in the detection of various types of building materials, damages, and minor defects (Martínez I;Martínez E, 2022). In light of this, several studies have been published utilizing this tool in Civil Construction.…”

Section: Theoretical Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Infrared Thermography in the Detection of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone Chalet in the City of Quixadá, Brazil

BEZERRA,

SANTOS,

SILVA

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Historical-cultural heritage is a testimony to the formation of people and should be preserved to maintain their identity over time. Thus, historical buildings are part of this heritage and should be valued and kept in exemplary conservation, use, and safety conditions. In this regard, the importance of Diagnostic Engineering in reducing constructive anomalies and associated costs of technical assistance is evident. This field utilizes essential tools, such as visual inspection, which evaluates the technical conditions for the use and maintenance of buildings. Additionally, Non-Destructive Testing (NDT), such as infrared thermography (IRT), is a powerful tool for non-invasive detection of constructive flaws in historical buildings. In this context, the objective of this study was to conduct visual inspections and identify pathological manifestations in a historical building in the city of Quixadá, Brazil. This is applied research with objectives fitting descriptive and exploratory research, a qualitative-quantitative approach, and a procedure classified as a case study. Thus, on-site visual inspections of the building were carried out, the pathological manifestations were classified according to the parameters of the GUT Matrix and Delphi Method, and an analysis of manifestations related to humidity was conducted through IRT. It was concluded that the historic building is in a critical state of conditions of use, representing risks to the safety of users, and is prone to accidents and structural collapses. As a contribution, this research represents a robust analysis based on Diagnostic Engineering and the use of IRT to analyze pathological manifestations in historical-cultural buildings.

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Section: Theoretical Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Infrared Thermography in the Detection of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone Chalet in the City of Quixadá, Brazil

BEZERRA,

SANTOS,

SILVA

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…IRT was also effective for rapidly assessing large surfaces, but it could be combined with other techniques, such as ultrasonic pulse velocity, to produce better results. Environmental conditions highly influenced the results [48].…”

Section: Non-destructive Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

Pahnabi,

Schumacher,

Sinha

2024

Sensors

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With the rapidly growing interest in using structural timber, a need exists to inspect and assess these structures using non-destructive testing (NDT). This review article summarizes NDT methods for wood inspection. After an overview of the most important NDT methods currently used, a detailed review of Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) and Ultrasonic Testing (UST) is presented. These two techniques can be applied in situ and produce useful visual representations for quantitative assessments and damage detection. With its commercial availability and portability, GPR can help rapidly identify critical features such as moisture, voids, and metal connectors in wood structures. UST, which effectively detects deep cracks, delaminations, and variations in ultrasonic wave velocity related to moisture content, complements GPR’s capabilities. The non-destructive nature of both techniques preserves the structural integrity of timber, enabling thorough assessments without compromising integrity and durability. Techniques such as the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) and Total Focusing Method (TFM) allow for reconstructing images that an inspector can readily interpret for quantitative assessment. The development of new sensors, instruments, and analysis techniques has continued to improve the application of GPR and UST on wood. However, due to the hon-homogeneous anisotropic properties of this complex material, challenges remain to quantify defects and characterize inclusions reliably and accurately. By integrating advanced imaging algorithms that consider the material’s complex properties, combining measurements with simulations, and employing machine learning techniques, the implementation and application of GPR and UST imaging and damage detection for wood structures can be further advanced.

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“…Starting from the premise that it is possible to equalize the mechanical and nondestructive parameters of wood testing, the paper investigates whether the mechanical potentials of load-bearing timber beams may be immediately evaluated in situ with the stress-sound test techniques and their stability determined. The research aims to propose a reliable, non-destructive method based on equalizing the mechanical parameters of static resistance to pressure [20] and its extrapolation of the derived resistance to bending [21], the most common and most pronounced in timber structures in general [22], with the parameters of non-destructive methods, on the same standard profiled test samples. An in situ assessment of timber architectural elements of the roof structure of the Technical Faculties Building in Belgrade, Serbia, confirmed the proposed method's effectiveness.…”

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confidence: 99%

An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters

et al. 2023

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This paper addresses the challenges in evaluating the structural performance of built structures using non-destructive methods and in situ tests. Such an examination of structural properties, without their sampling, is a diagnostic improvement, especially for historical heritage buildings, where it is not allowed to violate their physical integrity. Therefore, the research proposes a non-destructive testing method based on the equalization of the mechanically and non-destructively determined parameters of the strength of built-in timber. The research included three phases: (1) a preliminary examination; (2) a calibration procedure of the non-destructive method, and (3) in situ application of the established non-destructive method. The preliminary examination involved testing specimens using X-rays and ultrasonic waves by directing them, analogous to mechanical testing, in the fibers’ longitudinal, radial, and tangential directions. In the second phase, it was shown that equalizing the parameters of mechanical and non-destructive testing using ultrasound and X-rays of timber was feasible. Furthermore, mechanical calibration was conducted to establish an applicable non-destructive in situ method. Finally, in the third phase, an in situ assessment of timber architectural elements confirms the effectiveness of the suggested non-destructive approach in diagnosing architectural structures.

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Qualitative timber structure assessment with passive IR thermography. Case study of sources of common errors

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Application of Infrared Thermography in the Detection of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone Chalet in the City of Quixadá, Brazil

Application of Infrared Thermography in the Detection of Pathological Manifestations of the Stone Chalet in the City of Quixadá, Brazil

Imaging of Structural Timber Based on In Situ Radar and Ultrasonic Wave Measurements: A Review of the State-of-the-Art

An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters

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