An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters

Josifovski, Andrej; Todorović, Nebojša; Milošević, Jelena; Veizovic, Marko; Pantelić, Filip; Aškrabić, Marina; Vasov, Miomir; Rajčić, Aleksandar

doi:10.3390/buildings13061405

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Researchers have also demonstrated the effectiveness of scanning laser Doppler vibrometry (SLDV) [18] on inspecting inlaid wood and easel paintings [19] based on vibration and ultrasound. Moreover, Josifovski et al [20] reported the feasibility of using ultrasound and X-rays for in situ evaluation of timber structures. On the other hand, guided wavebased approaches provide another avenue whose analytical models, though complex, can describe wave propagation in anisotropic materials [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Layered Engineered Wood Using Guided Waves and Genetic Algorithm

Atreya,

Wang,

Zhu

2023

Sensors

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This study develops a framework for determining the material parameters of layered engineered wood in a nondestructive manner. The motivation lies in enhancing nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and quality assurance (QA) for engineered wood or mass timber, promising construction materials for sustainable and resilient civil structures. The study employs static compression tests, guided wave measurements, and a genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the inverse problem of determining the mechanical properties of a laminated veneer lumber (LVL) bar. Miniature LVL samples are subjected to compression tests to derive the elastic moduli and Poisson’s ratios. Due to the intrinsic heterogeneity, the destructive compression tests yield large coefficients of variances ranging from 2.5 to 73.2%. Dispersion relations are obtained from spatial–temporal sampling of dynamic responses of the LVL bar. The GA pinpoints optimal mechanical properties by updating orthotropic elastic constants of the LVL material, and thereby dispersion curves, in a COMSOL simulation in accordance with experimental dispersion relations. The proposed framework can support estimation accuracy with errors less than 10% for most elastic constants. Focusing on vertical flexural modes, the estimated elastic constants generally resemble reference values from compression tests. This is the first study that evaluates the feasibility of using guided waves and multi-variable optimization to gauge the mechanical traits of LVL and establishes the foundation for further advances in the study of layered engineered wood structures.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Layered Engineered Wood Using Guided Waves and Genetic Algorithm

Atreya,

Wang,

Zhu

2023

Sensors

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“…Various techniques have been employed to evaluate timber structures in the field of non-destructive quality control. These techniques include visual inspection, ultrasound testing, infrared thermography, acoustic emission, resistography, moisture-content tests, vibration-based methods, and others [16][17][18][19][20]. Each technique offers unique advantages and limitations, and their effectiveness depends on factors such as the type of defect, accessibility, and the size and configuration of the timber elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method

Kurtenoks,

Kurajevs,

Buka-Vaivade

et al. 2023

Buildings

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With the growing popularity of timber structures, the requirement for reliable and non-destructive methods to assess the quality and condition of structural joints becomes increasingly essential. A novel coaxial correlations method is investigated to assess the degradation of panel-to-panel moment joints in timber structures. The method involves analysing the response data obtained from accelerometers placed on both sides of the joint and comparing the readings to evaluate the joint’s condition. A specific joint solution to simulate the degradation of the moment joint in laboratory conditions is selected based on its simplicity and the ease with which its degradation can be simulated. The joint consists of angle brackets joined with timber screws and bolts to plywood panels. Gradually unscrewing the timber screws reduces the joint’s stiffness to simulate wear and tear over time. The experimental setup includes static loading and finite element modelling (FEM) to determine the rotational stiffness of the investigated joint at each degradation level. A dynamic experiment using vibration loading with sweep signal in the frequency range of 10 Hz to 2000 Hz is conducted to assess the quality of the joint. The conducted research provides valuable insights into the behaviour of timber panel-to-panel connections. The findings highlight the relationship between joint stiffness, vertical displacements, and the proposed dimensionless parameter, volume root mean square value (RMSvol), which offers a more comprehensive assessment of the joint’s condition in three spatial directions. As a result of the research, it has been established that, in the case of linear-type connections, unlike point-type joints, there is a possibility of signal scattering, so it is recommended that power comparisons and evaluations of the response signals from both accelerometers at the initial stage of applying the coaxial correlations method are performed.

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Correlation between thermal and density properties of chestnuts: preliminary results of experimental non-destructive testing

Borghese,

Santoro,

Santini

et al. 2024

Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng.

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This study presents the preliminary outcomes of a methodology for the physical and mechanical characterization of various chestnut elements in different states of preservation. Strategizing conservation and retrofit interventions for timber is necessary, and to do this, it is necessary to establish an estimation of physical (transmissivity, thermal conductivity, humidity level, etc.) and mechanical properties (density, compressive or bending strength, etc.). This essential information is typically associated with timber defects, but there are lack of correlations. The primary objective is to establish correlations between thermal and density properties with the aim of preserving original assets. The investigation delves into the relationship between timber density and thermal properties through experimental non-destructive testing (NDT). Two NDTs were employed with the aim of correlating: penetrometric testing and active thermography investigations. The parametric study on the excitation period yielded valuable insights into the temporal dynamics of heat transfer within the timber, underscoring the significance of selecting appropriate excitation periods to capture precise thermal properties. Tabular data on relative humidity for salified, dried, and new samples provided a quantitative backdrop to these observations, unveiling the nuanced effects of humidity on the timber’s thermal response. The results of this study are positioned to inform future conservation efforts by laying the groundwork for a comprehensive understanding of timber’s mechanical properties. Particularly, the challenge lies in accurately estimating density, where surface tests are often less reliable than in-depth ones. Therefore, it is crucial to seek validation through other NDT tests, such as thermographic analysis and visual inspection, and hygrometric tests recognizing their importance in enhancing the reliability of density assessments. This approach will contribute to the development of more discerning preservation strategies.

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An Approach to In Situ Evaluation of Timber Structures Based on Equalization of Non-Destructive and Mechanical Test Parameters

Cited by 3 publications

References 25 publications

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Layered Engineered Wood Using Guided Waves and Genetic Algorithm

Characterizing Mechanical Properties of Layered Engineered Wood Using Guided Waves and Genetic Algorithm

The Quality Assessment of Timber Structural Joints Using the Coaxial Correlation Method

Correlation between thermal and density properties of chestnuts: preliminary results of experimental non-destructive testing

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