Qualitative changes and controlling factors in ball sports: evidence from six-player field hockey games

Yokoyama, Keiko; Yamamoto, Yuji

doi:10.5432/jjpehss.a540213

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

(6 reference statements)

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“…This increase in the defensive pressure emerged because both the attackers and defenders were reciprocally attracted toward each other. Although further analysis is beyond the scope of the present research, this hypothesis can be tested based on a time series of the sizes of the areas dominated by the attack and defense sides (Yokoyama and Yamamoto, 2009 ). On the other hand, in the Im group, the chain was broken when the defense put extremely intensive pressure on the passer at the moment that the ball was released.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Structure of Collective Pass-Chaining Action Performed by Japanese Top-Level Field Hockey Players

Mizawa

Okumura

Kijima

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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In real hockey or soccer games, scoring opportunities usually occur quite rarely, and thus, for most of the duration of a game, the ball is drifting between the two goals. This pass-chaining situation can be regarded as the stable state of the offense–defense interaction. In the current study, temporal and spatial structure of this dynamical state was unveiled via quantification of the “defensive pressure distribution” on the pass trajectory, which was modeled as a non-linear function of the distance between the defender(s) and a given position on the pitch. Two groups, i.e., a top-level group and a less-skilled group, of Japanese collegiate hockey players were asked to play in 3-on-3 small-sided games between players of the same skill levels. When both the top-level and less-skilled players succeeded in passing the ball, there were no skill-level differences observed in the defensive pressure distribution on the pass trajectory. In these cases, the defenders put a certain level of pressure on the middle of the pass trajectory when the passer received a previously released pass, and later, when he released the ball to a teammate, the defenders approached the position at which the passer released the ball to intensively press on the passer. However, in the cases wherein they failed to thread the ball, clear differences were observed between the groups in terms of the defensive pressure distribution on the pass trajectory. In particular, for the less-skilled group, extremely intensive defensive pressure was put on the overall regions of the pass trajectory heavily concentrated on the timing at which the passer released the pass. This unique pressure distribution emerged for the less-skilled group because of their long ball-keeping duration (longer than 1 s and also longer than that for the top-level group), i.e., from the moment the passer received the ball, to the moment he released it to the next attacker. Thus, for top-level hockey players, a short time constant (less than 1 s) for the passing action will enable the passers to avoid extremely intensive defensive pressure, and enable the emergence of a dynamically stable attack–defense deadlock state through continuous chaining of the pass.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and Spatial Structure of Collective Pass-Chaining Action Performed by Japanese Top-Level Field Hockey Players

Mizawa

Okumura

Kijima

2022

Front. Sports Act. Living

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集団スポーツのダイナミクス

Yokoyama

2013

JJSP

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Team sports such as soccer, hockey, and basketball are regarded as collective phenomena that generate global game momentum by cooperative and competitive interactions among players. A dynamical system approach that reveals the evolution of dynamics over time from a mathematical concept was recently applied to human movement science, including team sports. The purpose of this study was to discuss how the dynamical system approach provides an effective perspective for understanding the dynamics of team sports, particularly those of two and more than three coupled oscillators. The coupled oscillator system could reveal the rhythmic behaviors of a player or team and the synchronizations among them. Phase transitions such as bifurcation during a game were demonstrated from the relationship between order-control parameters. The symmetric Hopf bifurcation theory was confirmed to be a useful approach to evaluating the synchronization patterns of more than three players. The analysis of team sports from a dynamical system approach will contribute to understanding not only phenomena in sports, but also the dynamics of other human collective phenomena.

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Qualitative changes and controlling factors in ball sports: evidence from six-player field hockey games

Cited by 2 publications

References 22 publications

Temporal and Spatial Structure of Collective Pass-Chaining Action Performed by Japanese Top-Level Field Hockey Players

Temporal and Spatial Structure of Collective Pass-Chaining Action Performed by Japanese Top-Level Field Hockey Players

集団スポーツのダイナミクス

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