No abstract

Osteochondral autograft transplantation is a useful treatment for reattachment of the lesion as well as osteochondral resurfacing of elbow osteochondritis dissecans.

To reproduce the complex function of the anterior cruciate ligament, reproducing both bundles of the anterior cruciate ligament may be necessary.

Larger axial rotations of female knees in response to rotatory loads may affect the distribution of forces in soft tissues and the function of muscles that provide knee stability. Control algorithms used during the biomechanical testing of cadaveric knees and computational knee models might need to be gender specific.

No abstract

The sport of football is played between two teams of eleven players each using a spherical ball. Each team strives to score by driving the ball into the opposing goal as the result of skillful interactions among players. Football can be regarded from the network perspective as a competitive relationship between two cooperative networks with a dynamic network topology and dynamic network node. Many complex large-scale networks have been shown to have topological properties in common, based on a small-world network and scale-free network models. However, the human dynamic movement pattern of this network has never been investigated in a real-world setting. Here, we show that the power law in degree distribution emerged in the passing behavior in the 2006 FIFA World Cup Final and an international “A” match in Japan, by describing players as vertices connected by links representing passes. The exponent values are similar to the typical values that occur in many real-world networks, which are in the range of , and are larger than that of a gene transcription network, . Furthermore, we reveal the stochastically switched dynamics of the hub player throughout the game as a unique feature in football games. It suggests that this feature could result not only in securing vulnerability against intentional attack, but also in a power law for self-organization. Our results suggest common and unique network dynamics of two competitive networks, compared with the large-scale networks that have previously been investigated in numerous works. Our findings may lead to improved resilience and survivability not only in biological networks, but also in communication networks.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of the iliotibial band (ITB) on the kinematics of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) intact and deficient knees and also on the in situ force in the ACL during a simulated pivot shift test. A combination of 10 N-m valgus and 5 N-m internal tibial torques was applied to 10 human cadaveric knees at 158, 308, 458, and 608 of flexion using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system. ITB forces of 0, 22, 44, and 88 N were also applied. An 88 N ITB force significantly decreased coupled anterior tibial translation of ACL deficient knees by 32%-45% at high flexion angles, but did not have a significant effect at low flexion angles. Further, an 88 N ITB force significantly decreased in situ forces in the ACL at all flexion angles by 23%-40%. These results indicate that during the pivot shift test, the ITB can improve tibial reduction at high flexion angles while not affecting subluxation at low flexion angles. Additionally, the action of the ITB as an ACL agonist suggests that its use as an ACL graft might hinder knee stability in response to rotatory load. ß

The femoral tunnels placed in transtibial double-bundle reconstruction were located appropriately in high-low and deep-shallow orientation, but had larger variability than the previously reported data of the anatomic femoral attachment. However, the variability of the femoral tunnel position was not so large as to result in graft insufficiency with increased postoperative knee laxity.