Qualitative and quantitative change in the kinematics of learning a non-dominant overarm throw

Palmer, Hannah; Newell, Karl M.; Gordon, Dan; Smith, Lee; Williams, Genevieve

doi:10.1016/j.humov.2018.10.004

Cited by 8 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Angular deviation was defined in the transverse plane, with angles of 0° representing minimal rotation. Reductions in 67 , a motor strategy which could be used to reduce action uncertainty 44 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality

Arthur

Harris

Brosnan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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The integration of prior expectations, sensory information, and environmental volatility is proposed to be atypical in Autism Spectrum Disorder, yet few studies have tested these predictive processes in active movement tasks. To address this gap in the research, we used an immersive virtual-reality racquetball paradigm to explore how visual sampling behaviours and movement kinematics are adjusted in relation to unexpected, uncertain, and volatile changes in environmental statistics. We found that prior expectations concerning ball ‘bounciness’ affected sensorimotor control in both autistic and neurotypical participants, with all individuals using prediction-driven gaze strategies to track the virtual ball. However, autistic participants showed substantial differences in visuomotor behaviour when environmental conditions were more volatile. Specifically, uncertainty-related performance difficulties in these conditions were accompanied by atypical movement kinematics and visual sampling responses. Results support proposals that autistic people overestimate the volatility of sensory environments, and suggest that context-sensitive differences in active inference could explain a range of movement-related difficulties in autism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angular deviation was defined in the transverse plane, with angles of 0° representing minimal rotation. Reductions in maximum hand displacement and/or swing ROM values would signal greater ‘fixing’ of movement degrees of freedom 67 , a motor strategy which could be used to reduce action uncertainty 44 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality

Arthur

Harris

Brosnan

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…The participants in this study, in addition, placed the supporting hand static and to the side so as not to interfere with ball release (Gómez, et al, 2017). Therefore, movement stability and postural control are essential features for shooting accuracy (Palmer, et al, 2018). However, some players may shoot without stability as a strategy to capitalise on the potential energy created both by the elbow extensor muscles and pre-stretching the wrist flexors, as the present work reported (Figures 2 and 3 below).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Free throw technical analysis and its relationship with success in Under-12 basketball players (Análisis técnico de los tiros libres y su relación con el éxito en jugadores de baloncesto menores de 12 años)

Díaz-Aroca¹,

Estero²

2021

Retos

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The aim of this study was to determine the free throw technique and successful free throw technique both prior to ball release and at ball release moments in under-12 basketball, using a court-applied test. The participants were 102 players from eight male under-12 officially federated basketball teams. We used a point/ideographic/multidimensional observational design to analyse the recordings of 612 free throws. The test consisted of performing one, two or three free throws. One participant performed the free throws and the other passed the ball to him. The roles were exchanged until the two participants performed all the free throw options. As a result, the participants did not execute the free throw using the technique proposed by the literature. This difference was because jumping free throws shoots, with low style, feet at the same distance, and moderate forward displacement of the centre of mass predominated. The free throw technique was in general more regular than that of the successful free throws. Players used an unregulated technique, without meeting the criteria that activate success in the free throw. This technique resulted attempting successful free throws at 4 m from the basket, which is 2.60 m high, with a 485-g ball. Taking into account the characteristics of the participants of the present work in terms of age, strength, maturity, height, weight, and body mass index, coaches and the competition managers should assess what should be improved in under-12 basketball to allow players to increase free throw success. Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la técnica de tiro libre y la técnica de tiro libre con éxito, tanto antes de la salida del balón como en el momento de salida del balón en baloncesto U-12, a través de un test de tiro. Los participantes fueron 102 jugadores de ocho equipos masculinos de baloncesto U-12 federados. Se utilizó un diseño observacional puntual/ideográfico/multidimensional para analizar las grabaciones de 612 tiros libres. La prueba consistía en realizar uno, dos o tres tiros libres. Un participante realizaba los tiros libres y el otro le pasaba el balón. Los participantes intercambiaban los roles hasta que los dos realizaron todas las opciones de tiro libre. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes no ejecutaron el tiro libre utilizando la técnica propuesta por la literatura. Esta diferencia se debió a que predominaron los tiros libres con salto, con estilo bajo, pies a la misma distancia y desplazamiento moderado del centro de masas hacia adelante. La técnica de los tiros libres en general fue más regular que la de los tiros libres con éxito. En conclusión, los jugadores utilizaron una técnica alejada de las recomendaciones teóricas, poco regular, y sin cumplir los criterios que posibilitan éxito en el tiro libre. Esto ocurrió como consecuencia de intentar obtener éxito en una situación de tiro libre a 4 m de la canasta, situada a 2.60 m de altura, y con un balón de 485 g. Teniendo en cuenta las características de los participantes del presente trabajo en cuanto a edad, fuerza, madurez, altura, peso e índice de masa corporal, los entrenadores y los responsables de las competiciones deberían valorar qué debe mejorarse en el baloncesto U-12 para que los jugadores puedan aumentar el éxito en los tiros libres.

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“…As less core activation takes place during seating in comparison to standing (Saeterbakken & Fimland, 2012), one position could have offered better stabilisation for force generation than the other (Bampouras et al, 2017). Performance during the seated position was less familiar and consequently could have augmented the inter-limb difference (Palmer et al, 2018), even if it is unlikely that the sequential muscle activity would have been affected (Hirashima et al, 2002). Whichever the reason, our results support the development of sport-specific assessments that can account for the complex nature of the sport (Bampouras & Marrin, 2009).…”

Section: Discussion and Implicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upper limb muscle strength and knee frontal plane projection angle asymmetries in female water-polo players

Bampouras

Wilson

Papadopoulos

2021

Sports Biomechanics

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Water-polo players frequently perform overhead throws that could result in shoulder imbalances. For overhead throws, execution of the 'eggbeater kick' (cyclical movement of the legs) is required to lift the body out of the water. Although a symmetrical action, inter-limb differences in task execution could lead to knee frontal plane projection (FPPA) differences. The present study examined imbalances shoulder and knee FPPA in female players. Eighteen competitive female field players (24.1 ± 5.5 years, 1.68 ± 0.06 m, 72.9 ± 13.3 kg) had their shoulder strength assessed in a shot-mimicking position with a portable dynamometer, standing and seated (isolating the shoulder contribution). Anterior: posterior and shooting: nonshooting shoulder comparison were made. Additionally, players performed a drop jump. Knee FPPA was recorded from digitising and comparing the frames just before landing and at stance phase. During standing, players exhibited higher shooting: non-shooting asymmetry (p = 0.032) in the anterior contraction direction, while during seated the shooting shoulder anterior: posterior asymmetry was higher (p = 0.032). Interlimb knee FPPA asymmetry was higher in the stance phase (p = 0.02). Despite the overhead throwing and eggbeater demands impacting differently on each limb, considerable asymmetries do not develop, suggesting the overall training requirements (e.g. swimming, resistance training) were sufficient to maintain the asymmetry within desirable limits.

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Qualitative and quantitative change in the kinematics of learning a non-dominant overarm throw

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality

An examination of active inference in autistic adults using immersive virtual reality

Free throw technical analysis and its relationship with success in Under-12 basketball players (Análisis técnico de los tiros libres y su relación con el éxito en jugadores de baloncesto menores de 12 años)

Upper limb muscle strength and knee frontal plane projection angle asymmetries in female water-polo players

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