Qualitative Analysis of the Removal of the Smear Layer in the Apical Third of Curved Roots: Conventional Irrigation versus Activation Systems

Blank-Gonçalves, Luciana Magrin; Nabeshima, Cleber Keiti; Martins, Guilherme Henrique Rosa; Machado, Manoel Eduardo de Lima

doi:10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.009

Cited by 98 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, in the apical third, the group QMix+US has shown a greater ability to promote smear layer removal when compared with group QMix, where US was not performed. These findings are in accordance with those of with previous studies, which reported that smear layer removal was enhanced with the adjunctive use of ultrasonic irrigation 9,10,17 . The action of ultrasonic devices induces hydrodynamic turbulence in the solution inside the root canal, producing cavitation and bubbles that collide against the walls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…This promotes mechanical agitation of a chemical substance without instrument contact with the root canal wall 8 . Some studies have recommended the use of US to improve smear layer removal upon delivery of EDTA with needles without agitation 9,10 . Despite the relevant studies concerning the benefits of this technique and EDTA on smear layer removal, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the use of US with other agents, such as QMix, citric acid and phosphoric acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of ultrasonic activation in association with different final irrigants on intracanal smear layer removal

et al. 2016

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Aim: To evaluate the influence of ultrasonic activation (US) with different irrigant regimens in smear layer removal. Methods: One hundred bovine incisors were instrumented and divided into ten groups (n=10) according to final irrigation protocols: distilled water (DW); DW+US; 17% EDTA; QMix; 10% citric acid; 37% phosphoric acid; 17% EDTA+US; QMix+US; 10% citric acid+US; 37% phosphoric acid+US. The samples were then submitted to scanning electron microscopy where a score system was used to evaluate the images and effectiveness of proposed treatments. The data were statistically analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests for intergroup comparisons as well as the Wilcoxon and Friedman tests for intragroup comparisons at 5% significance level. Results: In the cervical third, groups 17% EDTA, QMix, 10% citric acid, 17% EDTA+US, QMix+US and 10% citric acid+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05); in the middle third, groups 17% EDTA+US and QMix+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05); in the apical third, groups 17% EDTA,17% EDTA+US and QMix+US were more effective in smear layer removal (p<0.05). Conclusions: US can aid 17% EDTA and QMix in smear layer removal at the middle third and QMix at the apical third, contributing to the cleaning of root canal system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of ultrasonic activation in association with different final irrigants on intracanal smear layer removal

et al. 2016

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“…This result is in line with the findings of previous studies (22,32,37), and may be related to the accumulation and transfer of residual CH to the apical region, which has a smaller canal area and smaller volume of irrigation solution, as well as to the anatomic complexity of the apical third (32,35,38). The action and circulation of irrigants may therefore be hindered (39).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Effectiveness of Various Irrigation Protocols in Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Root Canals

Göktürk¹,

Ozkocak²,

Büyükgebiz³

et al. 2018

meandros

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Anah tarKe li me ler Öz AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal efficiency of calcium hydroxide (CH) by CanalBrush, Vibringe, laser-activated irrigation (LAI), conventional syringe irrigation (CSI), XP-endo Finisher, and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in the root canal walls. Materials and Methods: Ninety-eight human mandibular premolar teeth were prepared. Root canals were filled with CH. The roots were divided into six experimental groups (n=15/group) according to the irrigation protocol used: group 1 (CSI), group 2 (Vibringe), group 3 (CanalBrush), group 4 (XP-endo Finisher), group 5 (PUI), and group 6 (LAI). The amount of residual CH in the canal walls for each canal third was scored. Data were analysed by using Kruskal-Wallis and Bonferroni-correction Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: None of the investigated protocols renders the root canal walls free of CH remnants. Significant differences were found between tooth regions in terms of CH removal (p<0.05), and all groups except group 6 (LAI) showed more residual CH in the apical region. PUI and LAI eliminated significantly more CH than CSI from the middle and apical thirds of the root canal, respectively. Conclusion: The activation of sodium hypochlorite with various devices increased CH removal at the apical and middle part of the canal. LAI and PUI produce better results in the apical and middle thirds, respectively. Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, XP-endo Finisher, Vibringe, lazerle aktive edilmiş irrigasyon (LAİ), geleneksel iğne irrigasyonu (Gİİ) ve pasif ultrasonik irrigasyonun (PUİ) kök kanal duvarlarından kalsiyum hidroksit (KH) uzaklaştırma etkinliğini araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Doksan sekiz adet alt çene küçük azı dişinin kök kanalları prepare edildi ve KH ile dolduruldu. Kökler, irrigasyon protokolüne göre rastgele altı deney grubuna ayrıldı (n=15/grup): grup 1 (Gİİ), grup 2 (Vibringe), grup 3 (CanalBrush), grup 4 (XP-endo Finisher), grup 5 (PUİ) ve grup 6 (LAİ). Her bir kanal üçlüsü için kanal duvarlarında kalan KH miktarı skorlandı. Veriler, Kruskal-Wallis ve Bonferronidüzeltmeli Mann-Whitney U testleri kullanılarak analiz edildi.

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“…Other studies demonstrated that substances such sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine can reduce the bacterial count to zero or almost zero at immediate collection (13,15,16). In addition, activated irrigation may be an important factor in the cleaning of the root canal (24,25). Therefore, further studies using chemical substances and different irrigation protocols should be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Instrument Design May Influence Bacterial Reduction During Root Canal Preparation

et al. 2017

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial reduction promoted by ProTaper Next and Twisted File by comparing to ProTaper Universal and manual technique. Sixty distobuccal root canals of maxillary molars sterilized with ethylene oxide were contaminated with Enterococcus faecalis broth culture. After incubation for 21 days, bacterial samples were collected and cultured on m-Enterococcus agar plates. The root canals were divided into 4 groups, according to the system used for instrumentation: ProTaper Next, Twisted File, ProTaper Universal, and crown down manual technique. Other 8 uncontaminated root canals were control asepsis. Bacterial samples were collected immediately and 7 days after instrumentation. The bacterial reduction was calculated and then made intragroup analysis by paired t-test and intergroup analysis by ANOVA and Tukey tests, all at 5% significance. All techniques significantly reduced the bacterial number in the root canal (p<0.05). ProTaper Next and Twisted File resulted in more bacterial reduction than ProTaper Universal and manual technique (p<0.05). ProTaper Next and Twisted File were similar (p>0.05). It can be concluded that ProTaper Next and Twisted File promote a higher bacterial reduction than Protaper Universal and manual technique.

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Qualitative Analysis of the Removal of the Smear Layer in the Apical Third of Curved Roots: Conventional Irrigation versus Activation Systems

Cited by 98 publications

References 30 publications

Influence of ultrasonic activation in association with different final irrigants on intracanal smear layer removal

Influence of ultrasonic activation in association with different final irrigants on intracanal smear layer removal

Effectiveness of Various Irrigation Protocols in Removing Calcium Hydroxide from Root Canals

Instrument Design May Influence Bacterial Reduction During Root Canal Preparation

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