Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of laser-activated irrigation (LAI), XP-endo Finisher, CanalBrush, Vibringe, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and conventional syringe irrigation systems on the removal of calcium hydroxide (CH) from simulated root canal irregularities.Material and Methods The root canals of one hundred and five extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented using Reciproc rotary files up to size R40. The teeth were split longitudinally. Two of the three standard grooves were created in the coronal and apical section of one segment, and another in the middle part of the second segment. The standardized grooves were filled with CH and the root halves were reassembled. After 14 days, the specimens were randomly divided into 7 experimental groups (n=15/group). CH was removed as follows: Group 1: beveled needle irrigation; Group 2: double side-vented needle irrigation; Group 3: CanalBrush; Group 4: XP-endo Finisher; Group 5: Vibringe; Group 6: PUI; Group 7: LAI. The amount of remaining CH in the grooves was scored under a stereomicroscope at 20× magnification. Statistical evaluation was performed using Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni-Correction Mann–Whitney U tests.Results Groups 1 and 2 were the least efficient in eliminating CH from the grooves. Groups 6 and 7 eliminated more CH than the other protocols; however, no significant differences were found between these two groups (P>.05).Conclusions Nevertheless, none of the investigated protocols were able to completely remove all CH from all three root regions. LAI and PUI showed less residual CH than the other protocols from artificial grooves.

No abstract

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of conventional syringe irrigations, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), Vibringe, CanalBrush, XP-endo Finisher, and laser-activated irrigation (LAI) systems in removing double antibiotic paste (DAP) from root canals.Material and Methods One hundred five extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented. The roots were split longitudinally. Three standard grooves were created and covered with DAP. The roots were distributed into seven groups: Group 1, beveled needle irrigation; Group 2, double side-vented needle irrigation; Group 3, CanalBrush; Group 4, XP-endo Finisher; Group 5, Vibringe; Group 6, PUI; Group 7, LAI. The amount of remaining DAP was scored under a stereomicroscope.Results Group 4, Group 6, and Group 7 removed significantly more DAP than the other protocols in the coronal region. Group 7 was more efficient in the middle region; however, no significant difference was found between Group 7 and Group 6. No differences were found between groups in the apical region either, except for the comparisons between groups 7 and 2, and groups 2 and 3.Conclusions None of the investigated protocols were able to completely remove the DAP from the grooves. The Vibringe and XP-endo Finisher systems showed results similar to those of conventional needle irrigation.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate temperature alterations on the outer root surface during post space preparation with six different post drills by using an infrared thermometer.Materials and Methods:Sixty extracted single-rooted human mandibular incisor teeth were used. After root canal obturation, the specimens were divided into six groups (n = 10). During post space preparation, the temperature rises were measured in the middle third of the roots using a noncontact infrared thermometer with a sensitivity of 0.1°C. The temperature data were transferred from the thermometer to the computer and were observed graphically.Results:The maximum temperature rise was observed in Snowpost 2 (29.95 ± 10.2°C) (P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences among Snowpost 2 (29.95 ± 10.2°C), Snowpost 1 (24.6 ± 8.0°C), and Relyx 2 (17.68 ± 9.1°C) (P > 0.05).Conclusions:Although water coolant used, the critical temperature rise was observed on the outer root surface in all post drill systems.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of 7% maleic acid (MA), 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution, 10% citric acid (CA), or 2.25% peracetic acid (PAA) on the dislodgment resistance of a silicone-based root canal sealer. Materials and Methods: Ninety-five mandibular incisors were shaped to size R50. The specimens were randomly assigned to the following five groups ( n = 15) based on the final irrigation solution: 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 17% EDTA, 7% MA, 10% CA, and 2.25% PAA. Four specimens from each group were examined under scanning electron microscope. All the remaining canals were obturated with GuttaFlow ® Bioseal. Bond strength was assessed using the push-out test. The data were analyzed statistically by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests at the significance level of P = 0.05. Results: The roots irrigated with chelators showed statistically significantly higher bond strength than the roots irrigated with NaOCl ( P < 0.05). Overall, MA showed the highest bond strength, but there was no statistically significant difference among the other chelating solutions ( P > 0.05). Conclusions: The bond strength of the GuttaFlow Bioseal to the root canal dentin may increase by the removal of smear layer. Final irrigation with the investigated chelators resulted in similar bond strength of the GuttaFlow Bioseal.

No abstract

No abstract

Purpose:The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dyes used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) on color changes of resin-based composites (RBCs). Methods: A total of 120 composite discs were made of microfilled, nanohybrid, and nanoceramic RBCs, and the CIE Lab system was used to assess initial colors with a spectrophotometer. Photosensitizers were used in accordance with the experimental design, as follows: MB (methylene blue), TB (toluidine blue), ICG (indocyanine green), and control (no dye). The samples were irradiated with a 940-nm diode laser. After irradiation, the photosensitizers were removed with distilled water (∆E 1 ) and sodium hypochlorite (∆E 2 ), and final colors were measured. Data were analyzed by the three-way ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (α = 0.05). Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the ICG and control groups; however, the TB and MB groups exhibited the strongest staining. The nanohybrid RBC exhibited the greatest color change, and there were no significant differences between the microhybrid and nanoceramic RBCs. After NaOCl irrigation, ΔE 2 values decreased to clinically acceptable values (ΔE 2 < 3.3). Conclusion:The intensity of staining of the RBCs differed according to the type of photosensitizer used and the content of the composite resin. The irrigant NaOCl was effective in removing discoloration.