Qualitative analysis of multiple compounds in raw and prepared Semen Cassiae coupled with multiple statistical strategies

Abstract

In China, Semen Cassiae is used clinically to improve eyesight, relieve constipation, and to treat headache and dizziness. Prepared Semen Cassiae is obtained by stir-frying raw Semen Cassiae until it turned dark brown, micro dilatancy, and overflow aroma. After processing, the therapeutic effects change-the purgation effect is alleviated and the hepatoprotective effect is enhanced. To explore the changes in chemical compositions of Semen Cassiae after processing and clarify the material basis of the changed therapeutic effects, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with automated data analysis software and statistical strategy was developed. As a result, 53 compounds in raw Semen Cassiae and 43 compounds in prepared Semen Cassiae were found, a total of 55 chemical compounds were identified. Principle component analysis and t-test were processed by Markerview 1.2.1 software. Finally, 39 peaks were found to be the main contributors to the significant difference (p < 0.05) between raw and prepared Semen Cassiae. Compared with raw Semen Cassiae, 19 peaks showed a higher intensity in prepared Semen Cassiae, while the contents of 20 compounds in prepared Semen Cassiae were lower, most of which belonged to naphthopyrones glycosides and anthraquinone glycosides.

Establishing a UHPLC-MS/MS method for evaluation of the influence of stir-frying on the pharmacokinetics of seven compounds in Arctii Fructus

“…8 Upon processing the medicinal agents, changes in their chemical compounds in the form of increase or reduction of content, and the formation or disappearance of specic compounds were observed. 9,10 Notably, the preceding reports highlight an increase in ARG content and an overall decrease in ARC aer the stir-frying process. 11 Nevertheless, the functioning mechanism of the activity changes remained obscure even aer the process of stir-frying in vivo.…”

Nine components pharmacokinetic study of rat plasma after oral administration raw and prepared Semen Cassiae in normal and acute liver injury rats

“…Several analytical techniques have been used for qualitative and quantitative analysis of active components in RSC and PSC , and more than 70 components are identified, including anthraquinones, naphthopyrones, volatile oils, and sterols. Among these, anthraquinones and naphthopyrones are the primary active components exhibiting multiple pharmacological activities , and the content of them in RSC and PSC have significant difference . In our previous investigation, some anthraquinones and naphthopyrones, aurantio‐obtusin, obtusin, chrysoobtusin, obtusifolin, emodin, chrysophanol, aloe‐emodin, rhein, and physcion, may be the main active components of Semen Cassiae, and their chemical structure of the nine components are depicted in Figure .…”

Online extraction and enrichment coupling with high‐speed counter‐current chromatography for effective and target isolation of antitumor anthraquinones from seeds of Cassia obtusifolia

“…Seeds of Cassia obtusifolia , called juemingzi in Chinese have been widely used in drinks and traditional Chinese medicine for heat clearing, eyesight improvement, dizziness treatment, and constipation relief [20]. Phytochemical studies indicated that anthraquinones and naphthopyrones are the main chemical compounds in C. obtusifolia , while two anthraquinone aglycones, chrysophanol and aurantio‐obtusin, have been considered as the official quality markers [20,21]. Modern pharmacological studies revealed the antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, and hypolipidemic activities of C. obtusifolia [22].…”

“…Modern pharmacological studies revealed the antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiarrhoeal, and hypolipidemic activities of C. obtusifolia [22]. To date, more attentions about C. obtusifolia have been paid to the qualitative/quantitative analysis of chemical compounds by HPLC–MS [21], isolation of major chemical compounds by different chromatography technologies [22,23], and biological investigation of crude extract, fraction, or purified compounds [24]. Therefore, a novel method to rapid and systematic investigation of bioactive compounds in C. obtusifolia is highly required.…”