Qualification of a Layered Security Print Deterrent

Simske, Steven J.; Aronoff, Jason S.

doi:10.2352/j.imagingsci.technol.(2007)51:1(86)

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For both QR and Aztec codes, the synchronization rate drops steeply as the barcode size reduces from 20 mm to 15 mm, which implies that the feature size corresponding to our 15 mm barcode size is not sufficient for reliable barcode detection. This observation agrees with the earlier work in color barcode synchronization, [35] reports that features below 0.75 mm demonstrate consistently higher error rates. We have also noted that average SSR scores obtained for 20, 25 and 30 mm barcodes are consistent with equivalent measures presented in [36], [37].…”

Section: B Phase I Experimentssupporting

confidence: 83%

Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile Applications: An Interference Cancellation Framework

Blasinski

Bulan

Sharma

2013

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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Abstract-We propose a color barcode framework for mobile phone applications by exploiting the spectral diversity afforded by the cyan (C), magenta (M), and yellow (Y) print colorant channels commonly used for color printing and the complementary red (R), green (G), and blue (B) channels, respectively, used for capturing color images. Specifically, we exploit this spectral diversity to realize a three-fold increase in the data rate by encoding independent data in the C, M, and Y print colorant channels and decoding the data from the complementary R, G, and B channels captured via a mobile phone camera. To mitigate the effect of cross-channel interference among the printcolorant and capture color channels, we develop an algorithm for interference cancellation based on a physically-motivated mathematical model for the print and capture processes. To estimate the model parameters required for cross-channel interference cancellation, we propose two alternative methodologies: a pilot block approach that uses suitable selections of colors for the synchronization blocks and an expectation maximization approach that estimates the parameters from regions encoding the data itself. We evaluate the performance of the proposed framework using specific implementations of the framework for two of the most commonly used barcodes in mobile applications, QR and Aztec codes. Experimental results show that the proposed framework successfully overcomes the impact of the color interference, providing a low bit error rate and a high decoding rate for each of the colorant channels when used with a corresponding error correction scheme.

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Section: B Phase I Experimentssupporting

confidence: 83%

Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile Applications: An Interference Cancellation Framework

Blasinski

Bulan

Sharma

2013

IEEE Trans. on Image Process.

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“…The color tile deterrent introduced elsewhere [4,5] uses nonpayload indicia (NPI) rather than error-correcting code (ECC) to provide authentication robustness (Fig. 1, left) while providing high payload density (PD), in units of bytes/inch 2 .…”

Section: Calibration and Density Of Color Tilesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experiments performed use a color tile deterrent described in [4]. The color tiles consist of six data-carrying colors: red (R), green (G), blue (B), cyan (C), magenta (M) and yellow (Y).…”

Section: Experiments Performed 21 Color Tile Bar Codementioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of copying and restoration on color barcode payload density

Simske

Sturgill

Aronoff

2009

Proceedings of the 9th ACM Symposium on Document Engineering

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2D barcodes are taking on increasing significance as the ubiquity of high-resolution cameras, combined with the availability of variable data printing, drives increasing amounts of "click and connect" applications. Barcodes therefore serve as an increasingly significant connection between physical and electronic portions, or versions, of documents. The use of color provides many additional advantages, including increased payload density and security. In this paper, we consider four factors affecting the readable payload in a color barcode: (1) number of print-scan (PS), or copy, cycles, (2) image restoration to offset PS-induced degradation, (3) the authentication algorithm used, and (4) the use of spectral pre-compensation (SPC) to optimize the color settings for the color barcodes. The PS cycle was shown to consistently reduce payload density by approximately 55% under all tested conditions. SPC nearly doubled the payload density, and selecting the better authentication algorithm increased payload density by roughly 50% in the mean. Restoration, however, was found to increase payload density less substantially (~30%), and only when combined with the optimized settings for SPC. These results are also discussed in light of optimizing payload density for the generation of document security deterrents.

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“…Luminescent material-phosphors-are added to ink jet liquids 6 and chemicals as a marker to permit authentication of paper money, legal documents, pharmaceutical pills and containers, clothing materials and military friend and foe identification. Authentication detects patent and copy-right infringement, and helps trace theft.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel lock-in amplifier for identification of luminescent materials for authentication

McAulay

2007

SPIE Proceedings

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Digital and analog design approaches are reviewed for handheld low-cost electronic signal processing boxes for close-up optical detection and identification of phosphor markers for authentication of paper money, legal documents, pharmaceuticals, clothing materials, and military friend and foe identification. For extending the range to longer distances of over a meter (several feet) we propose a novel low-cost handheld lock-in amplifier that uniquely identifies a phosphor at a distance of several feet in a noisy environment of daylight, sunlight, electronic noise and reflection of the stimulating beam. The lock-in amplifier differs from a conventional one by sampling the detector out of synchronization with the source to avoid reflections which will mask the phosphor luminescence and provide opportunities for counterfeiters. The luminescence decays slowly after stimulation is removed. We simulate the lock-in amplifier to determine the trade-off between speed of authentication and distance. Only 40ms of integration in the lock-in amplifier will block noise of frequencies differing by more than 1% from the modulation frequency to allow authentication over a meter.

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Qualification of a Layered Security Print Deterrent

Cited by 9 publications

References 6 publications

Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile Applications: An Interference Cancellation Framework

Per-Colorant-Channel Color Barcodes for Mobile Applications: An Interference Cancellation Framework

Effect of copying and restoration on color barcode payload density

Novel lock-in amplifier for identification of luminescent materials for authentication

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