Quadriceps muscle architecture ultrasonography of individuals with type 2 diabetes: Reliability and applicability

Abstract

Muscle architecture parameters performed using ultrasound serve as an aid to monitor muscle changes derived from diseases, however there are no studies that determine the reliability and applicability of this evaluation in individuals with type 2 diabetes (DM2). Three raters captured three images of measurements of thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), vastus intermedius and anterior quadriceps, RF muscle cross-sectional area, RF pennation angle in 17 individuals with DM2 above 50 and sedentary. Intra and inter-raters analysis showed reliability from high to very high for the three raters (ICC> 0.87), except for the RF pennation angle with moderate to low intra-raters (ICC = 0.58, 0.48, 0.51), and high inter-rater reliability (ICC = 0.70). Ultrasound measurements of quadriceps muscles showed high to very high intra and inter-raters reliability, thus allowing its use to monitor muscle changes provoked by diabetes or interventions in individuals with DM2.

Application of ultrasound for muscle assessment in sarcopenia: 2020 SARCUS update

“…Quadriceps muscle (rectus femoris and vastus intermedius bellies) was evaluated at 30% (proximal or distal was not described) between the anterior superior iliac spine and the proximal end of the patella, in a supine position, for muscle thickness and echo-intensity [47]; at 50% between the anterior superior iliac spine and the proximal end of the patella, in a supine position, for muscle thickness of both bellies [48,49] and echo-intensity of rectus femoris alone [48]; at 30% (proximal or distal was not described) between the anterior superior iliac spine and the proximal end of the patella, in a supine position, for muscle thickness and echo-intensity [50]; at 50% between the anterior superior iliac spine and the lateral epicondyle of the femur, in a standing position, for echo-intensity [51]; at 50% between the greater trochanter and the knee cleft (left or right was not described), in a supine position with the knees in 10°, for muscle thickness, cross-sectional area and echo-intensity and pennation angle [52]; at 15 cm proximal of the superior border of the patella, in a sitting position, for muscle thickness and echo-intensity [53].…”

Tensiomyography Derived Parameters Reflect Skeletal Muscle Architectural Adaptations Following 6-Weeks of Lower Body Resistance Training

“…Three images were taken at each site in a longitudinal plane, and then exported to Image J (National Institutes of health, Bethesda, MD, United States, version 1.8.0_112) for analysis. The average value from the three images were used for analysis (Aagaard et al, 2001); a methodology that has shown high absolute and relative reliability for architectural parameters being measured in this way (Ema et al, 2013b;König et al, 2014;Silva et al, 2018). All images were taken from the participants' dominant limb (defined as the leg with which they would kick a ball) by the same experienced sonographer.…”

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of rectus femoris muscle thickness measured using ultrasonography in healthy individuals

“…The measurement of muscle thickness using US presents acceptable intra-rater reliability; however, there are a few reports on its inter-rater reliability [12][13][14]. Moreover, relative reliability cannot distinguish the type and extent of errors included in the measured values, as this statistical method is based on the assumption that only random errors occur.…”