“…To overcome the drawback of GWAS unable to detect rare alleles, we also used molecular markers for 18 important genes or QTL for stripe rust resistance to test the accessions. A total of 31 simple-sequence repeat (SSR), sequence-tagged site (STS), or kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) markers were used for determining the presence or absence of the following previously reported 18 Yr (yellow rust) genes or QTL in the accessions: Yr5 ( Marchal et al., 2018 ), Yr9 ( Mago et al., 2002 ), Yr10 ( Bariana et al., 2002 ), Yr15 ( Ramirez-Gonzalez et al., 2015 ), Yr17 ( Helguera et al., 2003 ), Yr18 ( Lagudah et al., 2009 ), Yr27 ( Chhetri et al., 2017 ), Yr30 ( Spielmeyer et al., 2003 ), Yr46 ( Forrest et al., 2014 ), Yr76 ( Xiang et al., 2016 ), Yr78 ( Dong et al., 2017 ), YrSP ( Feng et al., 2015 ), YrTr1 (X. M. Chen and associates, unpublished), QYrMa.wgp-1AS ( Liu et al., 2018 ), QYrel.wgp-2BS ( Liu et al., 2019a ), QYrsk.wgp-3BS ( Liu et al., 2019b ), QYrsk.wgp-4BL ( Liu et al., 2019b ), and QYr.wpg-1B.1 ( Naruoka et al., 2015 ). DNA samples from spring wheat lines carrying specific Yr genes, which were used in the previous GWAS study with spring wheat ( Liu et al., 2020 ), were included as positive controls for the genotyping with molecular markers, but their data were excluded from the data analysis of the winter wheat panel.…”