Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using gadolinium oxide as saturable absorber

Yusoff, R. A. M.; Jafry, A.A.A.; Kasim, N.; Zulkipli, Nur Farhanah; Samsamnun, F.S.M.; Yasin, Moh.; Harun, Sulaiman Wadi

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102209

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Accordingly, the background noise is 0.036 nJ, which is equivalent to the mode-locked pulse energy of 0.31 nJ in CWML working mode. Reference proposes that the intensity ratio of the QML laser for stable operation is 50-70 dB [26,27]. Large fluctuation will affect the stability of the output power and frequency of QML laser.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Er3+-Doped Ring Fiber Laser with Pulse Width of Hundreds of Picoseconds

Wang

Zhang

2021

Photonics

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Greatly improving the energy of a single mode-locked pulse while ensuring the acquisition of the width of short pulses will contribute to the application of mode-locked pulse in basic research, such as precision machining. This report has investigated a Q-switched and mode-locked (QML) erbium doped ring fiber laser based on the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) technology and a mechanical Q-switched device. Without the working of the mechanical Q-switched device, the fiber laser exported the continuous-wave mode-locked (CWML) pulse, with a width of 212.5 ps, and a repetition frequency of 81.97 MHz. For the CWML operation, the maximum output average power is 25.7 mW, and the energy is only 0.31 nJ. For the QML operation, 18.03 mW average power is achieved at the Q-switching frequency of 100 Hz. The energy of the QML pulse is increased by over 1100 times to 360.6 nJ. The width of the QML pulse is 203.1 ps measured by an autocorrelation curve, with the time-band product (TBP) being 0.598. The power instability is 0.5% (RMS) and 0.7% (RMS), respectively, for CWML and QML operation within 120 min. Furthermore, the spectral signal-to-noise ratio is about 60 dB. For the QML operation, the power instability is 0.48% (RMS) within 60 s and 0.37% (RMS) within 10 s. After frequency stabilization, the frequency fluctuation is ±100 Hz in the long-term of 1200 s, with the frequency stability (FS) calculated to be 2.44 × 10−6. It indicates that the QML fiber laser has good power stability and frequency stability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Er3+-Doped Ring Fiber Laser with Pulse Width of Hundreds of Picoseconds

Wang

Zhang

2021

Photonics

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“…Some researchers have reported Q-switched and mode-locked lasing, but this is often when using a combination of both passive SA and an intracavity polarization device to switch between the regimes [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Another Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser has been reported using gadolinium oxide-based passive SA, although it requires cavity length adjustment in order to obtain stable phase-locked lasing [ 10 ]. Some SAs have also been reported to produce both Q-switched and mode-locked lasers using this method, but with significantly reduced frequency [ 7 , 11 , 12 , 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, there is a limitation on the working wavelength of the diameter-dependent CNTs. Having an independent wavelength absorption also means that graphene resonantly absorbs light [ 10 ] regardless of the wavelength range, which makes it more versatile and more flexible in multiple fields of applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Regime Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser by Employing Graphene Filament–Chitin Film-Based Passive Saturable Absorber

et al. 2023

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We investigate the dynamics of high energy dual regime unidirectional Erbium-doped fiber laser in ring cavity, which is passively Q-switched and mode-locked through the use of an environmentally friendly graphene filament–chitin film-based saturable absorber. The graphene–chitin passive saturable absorber allows the option for different operating regimes of the laser by simple adjustment of the input pump power, yielding, simultaneously, highly stable and high energy Q-switched pulses at 82.08 nJ and 1.08 ps mode-locked pulses. The finding can have applications in a multitude of fields due to its versatility and the regime of operation that is on demand.

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“…However, placing a real SA is considered effective and most appropriate to obtain high energy pulses from a laser cavity by modulating the intra cavity losses [12]. Graphene [13], [14] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) [15], transition metal oxides (TMOs) [16], [17] carbon nanotubes (CNT) [18], [19] topological insulator (TIs) [20], PbS quantum dots (QDs) [6] and black phosphorus (BP) [21], are some of the examples of real SAs. Among the above mentioned SAs, still carbon-based SA is in high demand due to its superior performance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Simple fabrication [22], low cost [2], [10], easy to install [12], zero band gap [23], ultrafast recovery time [13], broad bandwidth [12], high damage threshold [18], [24], wide waveband absorption, and excellent electrical, optical properties [13] are some of the advantages of using carbon-based SAs. Due to its zero bandgap, graphene has a wider operating bandwidth than CNT [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser based on graphene and carbon nanotube saturable absorbers

Mafroos

Sapingi

Hamzah

2022

IJEECS

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A passively Q-switched erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) was experimented on by employing graphene, single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) saturable absorbers (SA). The SA film was obtained by embedding the graphene, SWCNT and MWCNT into polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The graphene SA was prepared by dipping a PVA thin film into the graphene solution while carbon nanotubes SAs were prepared using the casting method and placed in the ring cavity to produce a stable pulse laser. Graphene, SWCNT and MWCNT SAs were operating at wavelengths of 1558.92 nm, 1557.98 nm and 1558.51 nm, respectively, whereas the continuous wave was 1560.72 nm at the input pump power of 56 mW. The pulse energy, output power, repetition rate and pulse width were compared in graphene, SWCNT and MWCNT SAs. The shortest pulse width retrieved in graphene, SWCNT and MWCNT were 3.90 µs, 3.62 µs 4.43 µs and produced at the repetition rate of 115.00 kHz, 130.70 kHz, and 89.13 kHz, respectively. In comparison to graphene and SWCNT SAs, MWCNT SAs exhibit the best performance in terms of output power of 2.19 mW and high pulse energy of 24.57 nJ in passively Q-switched EDFL.

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Q-switched and mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser using gadolinium oxide as saturable absorber

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Er3+-Doped Ring Fiber Laser with Pulse Width of Hundreds of Picoseconds

Passively Q-Switched and Mode-Locked Er3+-Doped Ring Fiber Laser with Pulse Width of Hundreds of Picoseconds

Dual Regime Mode-Locked and Q-Switched Erbium-Doped Fiber Laser by Employing Graphene Filament–Chitin Film-Based Passive Saturable Absorber

Passively Q-switched erbium doped fiber laser based on graphene and carbon nanotube saturable absorbers

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